toil

== English == === Alternative forms === toyle (obsolete) === Etymology === From Middle English toilen, toylen, apparently a conflation of Anglo-Norman toiller (“to agitate, stir up, entangle”) (compare Old Northern French tooillier, tooullier (“to agitate, stir”); of unknown origin), and Middle English tilyen, telien, teolien, tolen, tolien, tulien (“to till, work, labour”), from Old English tilian, telian, teolian, tiolian (“to exert oneself, toil, work, make, generate, strive after, try, endeavor, procure, obtain, gain, provide, tend, cherish, cultivate, till, plough, trade, traffic, aim at, aspire to, treat, cure”) (compare Middle Dutch tuylen, teulen (“to till, work, labour”)), from Proto-Germanic *tilōną (“to strive, reach for, aim for, hurry”). Cognate with Scots tulyie (“to quarrel, flite, contend”). An alternate etymology derives Middle English toilen, toylen directly from Middle Dutch tuylen, teulen (“to work, labour, till”), from tuyl ("agriculture, labour, toil"; > Modern Dutch tuil (“toil; work”)). Cognate with Old Frisian teula (“to labour, toil”), teule (“labour, work”), Dutch tuil (“toil, labour”). Compare also Dutch telen (“to grow; raise; cultivate, till”). More at till. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /tɔɪl/, /ˈtɔɪəl/ Rhymes: -ɔɪl, -ɔɪəl === Noun === toil (countable and uncountable, plural toils) Labour, work, especially of a grueling nature. Synonyms: derve, drudgery, swink, sweat; see also Thesaurus:drudgery Trouble, strife. (usually in the plural) A net or snare; any thread, web, or string spread for taking prey. ==== Derived terms ==== toiler toilsome ==== Translations ==== === Verb === toil (third-person singular simple present toils, present participle toiling, simple past and past participle toiled) (intransitive) To labour; work. Synonym: travail (intransitive) To struggle. (transitive) To work (something); often with out. (transitive) To weary through excessive labour. ==== Derived terms ==== toil and moil ==== Translations ==== === Further reading === Douglas Harper (2001–2026), “toil”, in Online Etymology Dictionary. === Anagrams === -itol, ilot, loti == Basque == === Noun === toil conger eel == Irish == === Etymology === From Old Irish tol (“will, desire”). === Pronunciation === (Munster) IPA(key): /t̪ˠɞlʲ/ (Cois Fharraige) IPA(key): /t̪ˠɪlʲ/ (Ulster) IPA(key): /t̪ˠɔlʲ/ === Noun === toil f (genitive singular tola) will ==== Declension ==== ==== Derived terms ==== le do thoil más é do thoil é saorthoil toilteanach === Mutation === === References === === Further reading === Dinneen, Patrick S. (1904), “toil”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, 1st edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 740 Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977), “toil”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN == Old Irish == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈt̪olʲ/ === Noun === toil inflection of tol: accusative/dative singular nominative/vocative/accusative dual === Mutation === == Scottish Gaelic == === Etymology === From Old Irish tol (“will, desire”). === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /t̪ʰɔl/, /t̪ʰɤl/ === Noun === toil f (genitive singular toile, plural toilean) will, desire, volition, inclination delight, pleasure ==== Derived terms ==== is toil le (“like (verb)”) mas e do thoil e (“please”) ==== Derived terms ==== mì-thoil (“reluctance”) saor-thoil (“free will”) toileach (“willing”) === References === === Further reading === Edward Dwelly (1911), “toil”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary], 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “tol”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language