till

== English == === Pronunciation === enPR: tĭl, IPA(key): /tɪl/ Rhymes: -ɪl === Etymology 1 === From Middle English til, from Northern Old English til, from or akin to Old Norse til (“to, till”); both from Proto-Germanic *til (“to, toward”), from Proto-Germanic *tilą (“planned point in time”). Not a contraction of until; rather, until comes from till with the prefix un- (“against; toward; up to”) also found in unto. Cognate with Old Frisian til (“to, till”), Danish til (“to”), Swedish till (“to, till”), Icelandic til (“to, till”). Also related to Old English til (“good”), German Ziel (“goal”), Gothic 𐍄𐌹𐌻 (til, “something fitting or suitable”). ==== Alternative forms ==== 'til, til (nonstandard) ==== Preposition ==== till Until; to, up to; as late as (a given time). Before (a certain time or event). (obsolete or dialectal) To, up to (physically). (obsolete or dialectal) To, toward (in attitude). (dialectal) So that (something may happen). 1953?, Samuel Beckett, Waiting for Godot VLADIMIR: Together again at last! We'll have to celebrate this. But how? (He reflects.) Get up till I embrace you. ===== Usage notes ===== The preposition till is ubiquitous in informal register of modern English; nonetheless, in formal register it is often replaced with until or to, except in some varieties, such as Indian English. This predisposition is likely influenced by the widespread misapprehension that till is a clipping of until, which it is not (until being an enhanced form of till). The spelling 'til, itself also deprecated by some writers, was born of that same misapprehension. ===== Derived terms ===== ===== Translations ===== ==== Conjunction ==== till Until, until the time that. Synonyms: see Thesaurus:until 1912, anonymous, Punky Dunk and the Mouse, P.F. Volland & Co.: And the Mouse sat and laughed till he cried. ===== Translations ===== === Etymology 2 === From Middle English tylle (“till”), possibly from Middle English tillen (“to draw”) from Old English *tyllan (“to draw, attract”) (as in betyllan (“to lure, decoy”) and fortyllan (“to draw away”); related to *tollian > Middle English tollen). Cognate with Albanian ndjell (“I lure, attract”). Alternatively, Middle English tylle is from Anglo-Norman tylle (“compartment”), from Old French tille (“compartment, shelter on a ship”), from Old Norse þilja (“plank”). ==== Noun ==== till (plural tills) (chiefly British) A cash register. A removable box within a cash register containing the money. The contents of a cash register, for example at the beginning or end of the day or of a cashier's shift. A cash drawer in a bank, used by a teller. (obsolete) A tray or drawer in a chest. ===== Derived terms ===== ===== Translations ===== === Etymology 3 === From Middle English tilyen, from Old English tilian. ==== Verb ==== till (third-person singular simple present tills, present participle tilling, simple past and past participle tilled) (transitive) To develop so as to improve or prepare for usage; to cultivate (said of knowledge, virtue, mind etc.). (transitive) To work or cultivate or plough (soil); to prepare for growing vegetation and crops. (intransitive) To cultivate soil. (obsolete) To prepare; to get. ===== Quotations ===== For quotations using this term, see Citations:till. ===== Translations ===== === Etymology 4 === Unknown, but possibly via etymology 3 (the verb) because alluvial deposit is used as a fertilizer. ==== Noun ==== till glacial drift consisting of a mixture of clay, sand, pebbles and boulders (dialect) manure or other material used to fertilize land ===== Derived terms ===== glacial till ===== Translations ===== === Etymology 5 === From Middle English tylle; shortened from lentile (English lentil). ==== Noun ==== till (plural tills) A vetch; a tare. === References === General William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1911), “till”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC. “till”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC. Until, Till, 'Til, or 'Till? in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, 11 June 2019. Footnotes === Anagrams === it'll, lilt, lit'l == Estonian == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈtilː(ʲ)/, [ˈtʲilː(ʲ)] Rhymes: -ilː, -ilʲː Hyphenation: till === Etymology 1 === From Middle Low German dille. First attested in 1660. ==== Noun ==== till (genitive tilli, partitive tilli) dill (Anethum) ===== Declension ===== ===== Compounds ===== === Etymology 2 === Possibly derived from the same stem seen in many dialectal bird names: tillutaja, tillutis, tilder (“shank (Tringa)”). It's not uncommon for bird names to become euphemistic terms for genitalia, cf. kull (“hawk”), English cock. Another theory suggests this term is a hypocoristic variant of the stem seen in tila (“spout”), which in some dialects might have referred to a young boy's genitalia. ==== Noun ==== till (genitive tilli, partitive tilli) (colloquial) penis ===== Declension ===== ===== Derived terms ===== === Etymology 3 === Onomatopoeic. ==== Interjection ==== till ding, tinkle (high-pitched sound of a bell) ===== Derived terms ===== === References === till in Sõnaveeb (Eesti Keele Instituut) “till”, in [EKSS] Eesti keele seletav sõnaraamat [Descriptive Dictionary of the Estonian Language] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2009 Jüri Viikberg (2016), “till”, in [ASL] Alamsaksa laensõnad eesti keeles [Low German Loanwords in the Estonian Language] (in Estonian) (online dictionary) == Middle English == === Verb === till alternative form of tillen (“to enthrall”) == Scottish Gaelic == === Etymology === From Middle Irish tillid, alteration of Old Irish fillid (compare Irish fill). === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /t͡ʃʰiːʎ/ (Lewis) IPA(key): [t͡ʃʰəiʎ] === Verb === till (past thill, future tillidh, verbal noun tilleadh, past participle tillte) to return, come back to relapse Thill ris. ― He has got a relapse. === References === === Further reading === MacLennan, Malcolm (1925), A Pronouncing and Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language, Edinburgh: J. Grant, →OCLC == Swedish == === Alternative forms === til (archaic) === Etymology === From Old Swedish til, from Old Norse til, from Proto-Germanic *til (compare *tilą (“goal”)). === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /tɪl/ IPA(key): /tɪ/ (unstressed – see the usage notes for the preposition below) IPA(key): /teː/ === Preposition === till to Välkommen till Sverige! ― Welcome to Sweden! Ge den till mig! ― Give it to me! Vi behöver två till fem nya datorer ― We need two to five new computers for en bra TV till ett bra pris ― a good TV for a good price en present till min syster ― a present for my sister pengar till resan ― money for the trip Vad vill du ha till middag? ― What do you want for dinner? with Jag tar mjölk till mitt kaffe ― I take milk with my coffee of en kompis till mig ― a friend of mine this (the coming) (As a rule of thumb, "till" is only used for (longer) time periods that you might put in the definite, like seasons or the weekend, and not for days of the week and the like. See also nu.) ==== Usage notes ==== Often (more or less subconsciously to native speakers) clipped to "ti" (/tɪ/) in speech. Such clipping is less common for the adverb below, even when till is not the final word in the sentence, due to till being stressed as an adverb. Earlier, till governed the genitive case. Remains can still be found in certain expressions: ==== Derived terms ==== hur står det till? ==== Related terms ==== tills ==== See also ==== nu === Adverb === till another, more; in addition Expresses that the action of the verb is sudden and brief, when used with certain verbs. The usage examples below are for illustration and not comprehensive. Fairly productive for verbs where suddenness and short duration make intuitive sense. Han skrattade ― He laughed Han skrattade till ― He chuckled Han skrek ― He screamed Han skrek till ― He cried out [let out a sudden and brief scream] Han hoppade ― He jumped Han hoppade till ― He flinched Han somnade ― He fell asleep Han somnade till ― He nodded off Han slog honom ― He hit him Han slog till honom ― He gave him a punch [fairly synonymous, but makes it clear that it's a single punch and sounds a bit more intense] Han syntes ― He was visible Han syntes till ― He was spotted Expresses that something is created or changed through the action of the verb, similar to English up. Sometimes more or less redundant like in English, with a similar difference in tone. Synonym: (sometimes) för- laga till en måltid ― cook up a meal ["till" skippable, like in English] snida till en träfigur ― carve "up" [in the same sense as for the meal] a wooden figure ["till" skippable] laga mat ― cook food (Also the idiomatic way to say "cook.") ful ― ugly fula till ― ugly up [uglify] fula till något ― ugly something up trä ― wood träa till ― "wood up" [make woodier or the like, as an ad-hoc formation, which usually sound colloquial like in English] Expresses that the action of the verb brings the target of the verb toward (and usually to) a closed state. (Compare regional English close to.) Synonym: (to a closed state) igen Antonym: upp knäppa till jackan ― button up one's jacket ["till" skippable, like in English] täppa till ett hål ― plug (up) a hole Stäng till dörren lite! ― Close the door a bit! [leaving it ajar] (in some phrasal verbs) in(to) existence to a toward orientation ==== Usage notes ==== The stress is on till, which helps disambiguate. ==== Derived terms ==== en till === References === till in Svensk ordbok (SO) till in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL) till in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB) == Wolof == === Noun === till (definite form till gi) jackal == Yola == === Preposition === till alternative form of del === References === Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828), William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867, page 96