tensor

== English == === Etymology === Borrowed from New Latin tensor (“that which stretches”), equivalent to tense +‎ -or. Anatomical sense from 1704. Introduced in the 1840s by William Rowan Hamilton as an algebraic quantity unrelated to the modern notion of tensor. The contemporary mathematical meaning was introduced (as German Tensor) by Woldemar Voigt (1898) and adopted in English from 1915 (in the context of general relativity), obscuring the earlier Hamiltonian sense. The mathematical object is so named because an early application of tensors was the study of materials stretching under tension. (See, for example, Cauchy stress tensor on Wikipedia.Wikipedia ) === Pronunciation === (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ˈtɛn.sə/, /ˈtɛn.sɔː/ (General American) IPA(key): /ˈtɛn.sɚ/, /ˈtɛn.sɔɹ/ Rhymes: -ɛnsə(ɹ) === Noun === tensor (plural tensors or (muscle) tensores) (anatomy) A muscle that tightens or stretches a part, or renders it tense. [from 17th c.] Hyponyms: tensor fasciae latae, tensor tympani, tensor veli palatini (mathematics, linear algebra, physics) A mathematical object that describes linear relations on scalars, vectors, matrices and other algebraic objects, and is represented as a multidimensional array. [from 18th c.] Hypernym: function Hyponyms: duotensor, eigentensor, Faraday tensor, hypertensor, metric tensor, pseudotensor, subtensor, supertensor, vector, Weyl tensor, zero tensor (engineering, computing) A multidimensional array with (at least) two dimensions. Coordinate terms: scalar, vector (mathematics, obsolete) A norm operation on the quaternion algebra. ==== Usage notes ==== (mathematics, linear algebra): The array's dimensionality (number of indices needed to label a component) is called its order (also degree or rank). In engineering usage the term is commonly used only for ranks of 2 (or more), contrasted with scalar and vectors. Tensors operate in the context of a vector space and thus within a choice of basis vectors, but, because they express relationships between vectors, must be independent of any given choice of basis. This independence takes the form of a law of covariant and/or contravariant transformation that relates the arrays computed in different bases. The precise form of the transformation law determines the type (or valence) of the tensor. The tensor type is a pair of natural numbers (n, m), where n is the number of contravariant indices and m the number of covariant indices. The total order of the tensor is the sum n + m. ==== Derived terms ==== ==== Translations ==== === Verb === tensor (third-person singular simple present tensors, present participle tensoring, simple past and past participle tensored) To compute the tensor product of two tensors or algebraic structures. === References === “tensor”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022. “tensor”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present. === Anagrams === noters, tenors, sterno-, Trones, nestor, Stoner, Treons, rest on, trones, Sterno, Nortes, toners, Reston, Nestor, stoner, -setron == Dutch == === Etymology === Ultimately or directly from Latin tensor. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈtɛn.zɔr/, /ˈtɛn.sɔr/ Hyphenation: ten‧sor Rhymes: -ɛnzɔr === Noun === tensor m (plural tensoren, no diminutive) (mathematics, linear algebra) tensor ==== Derived terms ==== tensoralgebra == Latin == === Etymology === From tendō (“stretch, distend, extend”) +‎ -tor (agent suffix). === Pronunciation === (Classical Latin) IPA(key): [ˈtẽː.sɔr] (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): [ˈtɛn.sor] === Noun === tēnsor m (genitive tēnsōris); third declension (New Latin) that which stretches ==== Inflection ==== Third-declension noun. ==== Descendants ==== → English: tensor == Polish == === Etymology === (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.) === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈtɛn.sɔr/ Rhymes: -ɛnsɔr Syllabification: ten‧sor === Noun === tensor m inan (related adjective tensorowy) (mathematics, physics) tensor ==== Declension ==== === Further reading === tensor in Polish dictionaries at PWN == Portuguese == === Etymology === Borrowed from French tenseur. === Pronunciation === Rhymes: (Portugal, São Paulo) -oɾ, (Brazil) -oʁ Hyphenation: ten‧sor === Adjective === tensor (feminine tensora, masculine plural tensores, feminine plural tensoras) tensing; tensile === Noun === tensor m (plural tensores) (mathematics) tensor === References === === Further reading === “tensor”, in Dicionário Aulete Digital (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon Editora Digital, 2008–2026 == Romanian == === Etymology === Borrowed from French tenseur or German Tensor. === Noun === tensor m (plural tensori) (mathematics) tensor ==== Declension ==== == Spanish == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /tenˈsoɾ/ [t̪ẽnˈsoɾ] Rhymes: -oɾ Syllabification: ten‧sor === Adjective === tensor (feminine tensora, masculine plural tensores, feminine plural tensoras) tensing; tensile === Noun === tensor m (plural tensores) tensor ==== Derived terms ==== === Further reading === “tensor”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8.1, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 15 December 2025 == Swedish == === Noun === tensor c (mathematics) tensor; a function which is linear in all variables ==== Declension ==== === References === “tensor”, in Svenska Akademiens ordbok [Dictionary of the Swedish Academy] (in Swedish) === Anagrams === noters, ortens, rosten, rotens, sorten, toners