tämä

== Finnish == === Alternative forms === tää (colloquial) === Etymology === From Proto-Finnic *tämä, from Proto-Uralic *tä. The nominative and singular genitive forms, which would have otherwise been monosyllabic, have been extended with *-mä. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈtæmæ/, [ˈt̪æmæ] Rhymes: -æmæ Syllabification(key): tä‧mä Hyphenation(key): tä‧mä === Pronoun === tämä (demonstrative) this (slightly formal) he, she, they Vaimon serkku ja tämän veli ― Wife's cousin and their [that cousin's] brother === Determiner === tämä this tämä puoli ylöspäin ― this side up ==== Usage notes ==== Like English this, tämä in general refers to things considered nearby or proximal. When used independently as adverbs, the external case forms tällä, tältä and tälle are generally only used in abstract or possessive meanings; for locations, the corresponding adverbs täällä, täältä and tänne are used instead. ==== Inflection ==== Irregular. Some cases are never used. The instructive plural can be used as an attribute of a noun in the instructive case (e.g. näin muodoin), but it is mostly used alone as an adverb like the adverbial cases. ==== Derived terms ==== ==== Descendants ==== Kven: tämä ==== See also ==== === Further reading === “tämä”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎[1] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 1 July 2023 Tämä, tuo vai se?. Kielikello (4/2001). An article analyzing the usage and differences between the Finnish demonstrative pronouns tämä, tuo and se. (in Finnish) === Anagrams === mätä == Ingrian == === Etymology === From Proto-Finnic *tämä, from Proto-Uralic *tä. Cognates include Finnish tämä and Estonian tema. === Pronunciation === (Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /ˈtæmæ/, [ˈtæmæˑ] (Soikkola) IPA(key): /ˈtæmæ/, [ˈtæmæˑ] Rhymes: -æmæ Hyphenation: tä‧mä === Determiner === tämä this === Pronoun === tämä this ==== Declension ==== ==== Derived terms ==== ==== See also ==== === References === V. I. Junus (1936), Iƶoran Keelen Grammatikka‎[2], Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 99 Ruben E. Nirvi (1971), Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 616 Olga I. Konkova; Nikita A. Dyachkov (2014), Inkeroin Keel: Пособие по Ижорскому Языку‎[3], →ISBN, pages 13-14 == Karelian == === Etymology === From Proto-Finnic *tämä. Cognates include Finnish tämä and Estonian tema. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈtʲæmæ/ Hyphenation: tä‧mä === Determiner === tämä this === Pronoun === tämä this ==== Declension ==== ==== See also ==== === References === A. V. Punzhina (1994), “tämä”, in Словарь карельского языка (тверские говоры) [Dictionary of the Karelian language (Tver dialects)], →ISBN P. Zaykov; L. Rugoyeva (1999), “tämä”, in Карельско-Русский словарь (Северно-Карельские диалекты) [Karelian-Russian dictionary (North Karelian dialects)], Petrozavodsk, →ISBN == Kven == === Etymology === From Finnish tämä, from Proto-Finnic *tämä, from Proto-Uralic *tä. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈtæmæ/ === Determiner === tämä this === Pronoun === tämä this ==== Declension ==== ==== See also ==== === References === Eira Söderholm (2017), Kvensk grammatikk‎[4], Tromsø: Cappelen Damm Akademisk, →ISBN, page 278 == Ludian == === Etymology === From Proto-Finnic *tämä. === Pronoun === tämä this ==== Declension ==== === References === M. Pahomov (2022), Lüüdi-venän, venä-lüüdin sanakirdʹ‎[5], Helsinki: Lüüdilaine Siebr, →ISBN == Votic == === Etymology === From Proto-Finnic *tämä, from Proto-Uralic *tä. === Pronunciation === (Luutsa, Liivtšülä) IPA(key): /ˈtæmæ/, [ˈtʲæmʲæ] (Jõgõperä) IPA(key): /ˈtæmæ/, [ˈtʲæmʲæ] Rhymes: -æmæ Hyphenation: tä‧mä === Pronoun === tämä he, she, they (singular) (demonstrative) this Synonym: kase ==== Inflection ==== ==== See also ==== === References === Hallap, V.; Adler, E.; Grünberg, S.; Leppik, M. (2012), “tämä”, in Vadja keele sõnaraamat [A dictionary of the Votic language], 2nd edition, Tallinn