suka

== English == === Etymology === Borrowed from Russian су́ка (súka, “bitch”). === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈsuːkə/ Rhymes: -uːkə === Noun === suka (plural suki or suky or sukas) (Russia, vulgar, derogatory) A bitch; a contemptible person (usually but not necessarily female). === Interjection === suka (Russia, vulgar) bitch!, fuck!, shit! === See also === blyad cyka blyat == Albanian == === Noun === suka f inflection of sukë: definite nominative singular indefinite nominative/accusative plural == Asi == === Noun === suka (anatomy) bone == Azerbaijani == === Etymology === Borrowed from Russian су́ка (súka). === Noun === suka (definite accusative sukanı, plural sukalar) (vulgar, offensive) bitch (contemptible person, usually but not necessarily female) Synonym: qancıq snitch Synonym: işverən ==== Declension ==== == Bangi == === Etymology === Inherited from Proto-Bantu *-cúg. === Verb === suka to end == Cebuano == === Etymology 1 === Inherited from Proto-Philippine *suka. ==== Pronunciation ==== (Standard Cebuano) IPA(key): /ˈsuka/ [ˈs̪u.kɐ] Rhymes: -a Hyphenation: su‧ka ==== Noun ==== súka (Badlit spelling ᜐᜓᜃ) vomit ==== Verb ==== súka (Badlit spelling ᜐᜓᜃ) to vomit; to puke (figuratively) to squeal; to reveal a secret ==== Derived terms ==== === Etymology 2 === Borrowing ultimately from Sanskrit चुक्रा (cukrā, “tamarind tree”), possibly through Malay cuka (“soured wine, vinegar”).First attested in Antonio Pigafetta's Relazione del primo viaggio intorno al mondo—detailing the first circumnavigation of the world between 1519 and 1522. ==== Pronunciation ==== (Standard Cebuano) IPA(key): /ˈsukaʔ/ [ˈs̪u.kɐʔ] Rhymes: -a Hyphenation: su‧ka ==== Noun ==== sukà (Badlit spelling ᜐᜓᜃ) vinegar; a sour liquid formed by the fermentation of alcohol used as a condiment or preservative; a dilute solution of acetic acid ==== References ==== == Central Bikol == === Etymology 1 === Inherited from Proto-Philippine *suka₂ (“to vomit”). Cognate with Tagalog suka, Cebuano suka, and Tausug suka. ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /ˈsuka/ [ˈsu.ka] Hyphenation: su‧ka ==== Noun ==== súka (Basahan spelling ᜐᜓᜃ) vomit; puke Synonyms: digwa, sukalkag ===== Derived terms ===== === Etymology 2 === Borrowing ultimately from Sanskrit चुक्रा (cukrā, “tamarind tree”), possibly through Malay cuka (“soured wine, vinegar”). Compare Ilocano suka, Maranao soka' and Tausug suka'. ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /ˈsukaʔ/ [ˈsu.kaʔ] Hyphenation: su‧ka ==== Noun ==== sukà (Basahan spelling ᜐᜓᜃ) vinegar ===== Derived terms ===== == Estonian == === Noun === suka genitive singular of sukk == Fijian == === Etymology === Borrowed from English sugar. === Noun === suka sugar === References === Gatty, Ronald (2009), “suka”, in Fijian–English Dictionary‎[4], Suva, Fiji: Ronald Gatty, →ISBN, page 239 == Finnish == === Etymology === From Proto-Finnic *suka, probably borrowed from Proto-Balto-Slavic [Term?] (compare Latvian suka). === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈsukɑ/, [ˈs̠ukɑ̝] Rhymes: -ukɑ Syllabification(key): su‧ka Hyphenation(key): su‧ka === Noun === suka A (coarse) brush, especially one used for brushing animals, such as a currycomb for grooming horses. (botany) synonym of sukanen ==== Declension ==== ==== Derived terms ==== === See also === harja === Further reading === “suka”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎[5] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 3 July 2023 === Anagrams === -ksua, Saku, saku == Fula == === Etymology === (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.). === Noun === suka (plural sukaaɓe ɓe) (Pular) young man, young person ==== Related terms ==== ==== References ==== Oumar Bah, Dictionnaire Pular-Français, Avec un index français-pular, Webonary.org, SIL International, 2014. == Ilocano == === Etymology === Ultimately borrowed from Sanskrit चुक्रा (cukrā, “tamarind tree”), possibly through Malay cuka (“soured wine, vinegar”). Cognate with Central Bikol suka, Cebuano suka, Tagalog suka, Maranao soka', Pangasinan tuka, and Tausug sukaꞌ. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /suˈka/ [suˈka] Hyphenation: su‧ka === Noun === suká (Kur-itan spelling ᜐᜓᜃ) vinegar ==== Derived terms ==== == Indonesian == === Etymology === From Malay suka, from Sanskrit सुख (sukha, “joy”). Mostly displaced native senang. === Pronunciation === (Standard Indonesian) IPA(key): /ˈsuka/ [ˈsu.ka] Rhymes: -uka Syllabification: su‧ka === Noun === suka (plural suka-suka) pleasure === Verb === suka (base-imperative locative suka, active locative menyukai, ordinary passive locative disukai) like Synonyms: demen, doyan, huji, penuju, senang, solak, sualak Dia suka memasak. ― She likes to cook. love Synonyms: cinta, gemar (preceding a verb) often Synonyms: kerap kali, mudah sekali, sering Di sini suka banjir. ― This area is often flooded. Toilet suka macet. ― The toilet often gets clogged. Dia suka lupa membawa tasnya. ― He often forgets to take his bag. === Derived terms === === Further reading === “suka”, in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia [Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016 == Ingrian == === Etymology === From Proto-Finnic *suka. Cognates include Finnish suka and Estonian suga. === Pronunciation === (Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /ˈsukɑ/, [ˈs̠ukɑˑ] (Soikkola) IPA(key): /ˈsukɑ/, [ˈʃuɡ̊ɑˑ] Rhymes: -ukɑ Hyphenation: su‧ka === Noun === suka comb ==== Declension ==== ==== Derived terms ==== === References === Ruben E. Nirvi (1971), Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 547 == Japanese == === Romanization === suka Rōmaji transcription of すか Rōmaji transcription of スカ == Latvian == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): [ˈsukːa] === Etymology 1 === There are competing theories on the origin of this word. The first (and more probable) one assumes that it comes from Proto-Indo-European *suH- (“pig”) > derived form *suk- “pig” (masc., fem.), “coarse hair, bristle” (neut.). Originally suka was the neuter plural form, but it became feminine singular after the general loss of the neuter gender, with semantic change “bristles” > “brush” (compare German Bürste (“brush”), Borste (“bristle”)). Borrowings by Finnic languages from Baltic languages support this evolution (e.g., Finnish suka (“pig bristle (archaic), currycomb”)). The second theory considers suka cognate to Lithuanian šùkos (“brush”), Russian щётка (ščótka, “brush”), Sanskrit शूक (śūka, “needle”), all from Proto-Indo-European *ḱū- (“pointed”). A third theory attributes these words to Proto-Indo-European *kes-, *ks- (“to cut, to carve”). ==== Noun ==== suka f (4th declension) brush (instrument made with flexible bristles attached to a handle, used especially for grooming hair) drēbju, apavu suka ― clothes, shoe brush matu suka ― hairbrush zobu suka ― toothbrush zirgu suka ― horse brush, currycomb saru, tērauda suka ― bristle, steel brush tīrīt drēbes ar suku ― to clean (one's) clothes with a brush ===== Declension ===== ===== Derived terms ===== zobu suka ===== Related terms ===== sukāt ===== See also ===== ķemme ota slota === Etymology 2 === From Russian су́ка (súka). ==== Noun ==== suka f (4th declension) (vulgar) bitch === References === == Lingala == === Etymology === Borrowed from Bangi suka. === Verb === -suka (infinitive kosuka) to end == Malay == === Etymology === Borrowed from Sanskrit सुख (sukha, “joy”). === Pronunciation === (Southern Peninsular Malaysia Standard) IPA(key): /ˈsukə/ [ˈsu.kə] Rhymes: -kə, -ə (Literary Standard) IPA(key): /ˈsuka/ [ˈsu.ka] Rhymes: -ka, -a Hyphenation: su‧ka === Verb === suka (Jawi spelling سوک) to like; to love === Noun === suka (Jawi spelling سوک, plural suka-suka or suka2) happiness; joy; pleasure ==== Derived terms ==== ==== Descendants ==== > Indonesian: suka (inherited) → Hokkien: 舒合 (su-kah) → Teochew: 舒合 (su1 gah4) === References === === Further reading === "suka" in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu (PRPM) [Malay Literary Reference Centre (PRPM)] (in Malay), Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017 == Pali == === Alternative forms === === Etymology === Compare Sanskrit शुक (śuka). === Noun === suka m (feminine sukī) parrot Synonyms: kīra, suva ==== Declension ==== === References === Pali Text Society (1921–1925), “suka”, in Pali-English Dictionary‎, London: Chipstead Childers, Robert Caesar, Dictionary of the Päli language, London: Trübner & Company, 1875, page 488. == Phuthi == === Verb === -suka to go away, to leave ==== Inflection ==== This verb needs an inflection-table template. == Polish == === Pronunciation === Rhymes: -uka Syllabification: su‧ka === Etymology 1 === Inherited from Old Polish *suka. First attested in the 16th century. Sense 4 from an association with pies (“dog, slang: cop”). Sense 5 is in reference to the howling sound heard from dogs and the instrument. ==== Noun ==== suka f (diminutive suczka or sunia, augmentative (dialectal) sucyna, related adjective suczy) bitch (female dog) Synonyms: psica, sucz Hypernym: samica (zoology or dialectal, Western Lublin, Janów Lubelski) bitch (female canine) Hypernym: samica leśna suka (Kielce) ― she-wolf (literally, “forest bitch”) borowa suka (Western Kraków) ― she-wolf (literally, “conifer forest bitch”) (derogatory, vulgar) bitch (promiscuous woman) Hypernym: kobieta (derogatory, vulgar) bitch (ruthless and malicious woman) Hypernym: kobieta bura suka ― drab bitch zimna suka ― bad bitch (literally, “cold bitch”) (colloquial) police van (police car used to transport prisoners or arrested persons) Hypernym: samochód (historical, music, ethnography) suka (folk string instrument resembling a violin or cello) (Podhale) T-bar plank (piece of wood with which the T-bar is attached or to a sleigh) (Western Kraków, Pisarzowice, Eastern Kraków) wagon brake (piece of wood with a groove in it for the wheel to fit into serving as a brake for a cart or wagon) Hypernym: hamulec (Eastern Kraków, Gdów, Bochnia) doubletree support (in some wagons or carts, instead of a pin (sforznik), iron bar on which a doubletree is tightly supported when attached to the shaft) (Western Kraków, Przemyśl, Podhale, weaving) loom brake (part of the weaving loom used to slow down movement) (Eastern Lublin, Wysokie, milling) millstone socket (part of a millstone; wooden socket stuck into the wall in which is a millstone) (Eastern Kraków, Gdów, Bochnia) driver (wooden block for driving wedges) (obsolete, mining) transporter (platform wagon with stanchions used in mine lumberyards to transport miners; primitive cart for transporting mined material) ===== Declension ===== ===== Related terms ===== ===== Descendants ===== → Vilamovian: su̇ka === Etymology 2 === Deverbal from Old Polish sukać. ==== Noun ==== suka f (diminutive suczka or sunia, augmentative (dialectal) sucyna, related adjective suczy) (Far Masovian, Mińsk County) sheepskin hat Hypernym: czapka (obsolete or dialectal, Kielce, Pińczów, Western Kraków) Kraków coat (brown Kraków russet coat with a triangular cape; cape of this russet coat) === References === === Further reading === “suka”, in Wielki słownik języka polskiego‎[6] (in Polish), Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN “suka”, in Polish dictionaries at PWN‎[7] (in Polish) Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814), “suka”, in Słownik języka polskiego Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861), “suka”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861 J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1915), “suka”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 6, Warsaw, page 506 Jan Karłowicz (1907), “suka”, in Jan Łoś, editors, Słownik gwar polskich [Dictionary of Polish dialects] (in Polish), volume 5: R S Ś T, Kraków: Akademia Umiejętności, page 260 Aleksander Saloni (1908), “suka”, in “Lud rzeszowski”, in Materyały Antropologiczno-Archeologiczne i Etnograficzne‎[8] (in Polish), volume 10, Kraków: Akademia Umiejętności, page 341 == Quechua == === Noun === suka furrow whistle, whistling noise ==== Usage notes ==== Not to be confused with suk'a, sukha. ==== Declension ==== ==== See also ==== sukay == Silesian == === Etymology === Inherited from Old Polish *suka. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈsu.ka/ Rhymes: -uka Syllabification: su‧ka === Noun === suka f bitch (female dog) (mining) wooden mine cart Synonyms: drzywiôrka, drywiōrka (obsolete, Bieńkowice) night watchman Synonym: budzisuka === Further reading === suka in silling.org Eugeniusz Kosmała (2023), Dykcjōnôrz Polsko-Ślonskiy (in Silesian), s, page 153 Jan Karłowicz (1907), “suka”, in Jan Łoś, editors, Słownik gwar polskich [Dictionary of Polish dialects] (in Polish), volume 5: R S Ś T, Kraków: Akademia Umiejętności, page 260 == Slovak == === Etymology === Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sùka, further etymology unclear. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /suka/, [ˈsuka] Rhymes: -uka Hyphenation: su‧ka === Noun === suka f (declension pattern of žena) bitch Synonyms: fena f, fenka f ==== Declension ==== ==== Derived terms ==== sučí sučka f === Further reading === “suka”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2026 == Swahili == === Pronunciation === === Verb === -suka (infinitive kusuka) to shake to braid, weave ==== Conjugation ==== ==== Derived terms ==== Verbal derivations: Applicative: -sukia Conversive: -sukua (“loosen, untwist”) Passive: -sukwa Reduplicative: -sukasuka (“disturb, worry”) Nominal derivations: masuko (“shaking, excitement”) msuka (“braider”) msukaji (“braider”) msukosuko (“unrest, turmoil”) msusi (“braider”) == Swazi == === Verb === -suka to move away ==== Inflection ==== This verb needs an inflection-table template. == Tagalog == === Alternative forms === suca — obsolete, Spanish-based spelling === Etymology 1 === Inherited from Proto-Philippine *suka (“to vomit”). Compare Central Bikol suka, Cebuano suka, Hiligaynon suka, Kapampangan suka, Tausug suka, and Waray-Waray suka. ==== Pronunciation ==== (Standard Tagalog) IPA(key): /ˈsuka/ [ˈsuː.xɐ] (noun) Rhymes: -uka IPA(key): /suˈka/ [sʊˈxa] (adjective) Rhymes: -a Syllabification: su‧ka ==== Noun ==== suka (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜓᜃ) vomit Synonyms: duwal, lungad, (obsolete) alibukay vomiting; emesis Synonyms: duwal, (obsolete) alibukay ===== Derived terms ===== ===== See also ===== lungad ==== Adjective ==== suká (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜓᜃ) wanting to vomit; queasy (figurative) disgusted; repulsed ===== Derived terms ===== === Etymology 2 === Ultimately from Sanskrit चुक्र (cukra, “tamarind tree; vinegar made by acetous fermentation”), possibly through Malay cuka (“soured wine, vinegar”). Compare Central Bikol suka, Cebuano suka, Ilocano suka, Maranao soka', Pangasinan tuka, and Tausug suka'. ==== Pronunciation ==== (Standard Tagalog) IPA(key): /ˈsukaʔ/ [ˈsuː.xɐʔ] Rhymes: -ukaʔ Syllabification: su‧ka ==== Noun ==== sukà (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜓᜃ) vinegar (by extension) sour fruit used for seasoning food (such as tamarind, tomatoes, green mangoes, etc.) ===== Derived terms ===== ===== See also ===== sinigang === References === Potet, Jean-Paul G. (2016), Tagalog Borrowings and Cognates, Lulu Press, →ISBN, page 156 Trinidad Hermenegildo Pardo de Tavera (1887), El sanscrito en la lengua tagalog‎[9] (in Spanish), Paris: Imprimerie de la Faculté de Médecine, A. Davy, page 52 Noceda, Fr. Juan José de; Sanlucar, Fr. Pedro de (1860), Vocabulario de la lengua tagala, compuesto por varios religiosos doctos y graves, y coordinado por…, ultimamente aumentado y corregido por varios religiosos de la Orden de Agustinos calzados.‎[10] (overall work in Spanish and Classical Tagalog), Manila: Ramírez y Giraudier. === Further reading === “suka”, in KWF Diksiyonaryo ng Wikang Filipino, Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino, 2025 “suka”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, 2018 === Anagrams === kusa == Teke-Tege == === Noun === suka axe == Ternate == === Etymology 1 === ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): [ˈsu.ka] ==== Verb ==== suka (transitive) to split (transitive) to crack (transitive) to break ===== Conjugation ===== === Etymology 2 === From Malay suka, from Sanskrit सुख (sukha). The noun may derive from N- (“nominalizer”) +‎ suka, which produces no change on the initial consonant s. ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): [ˈsu.ka] ==== Verb ==== suka (transitive) to like ==== Noun ==== suka a like, something that is liked === References === Rika Hayami-Allen (2001), A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh == Tsonga == === Verb === suka to leave == Votic == === Etymology === From Proto-Finnic *suka. === Pronunciation === (Luutsa, Liivčülä) IPA(key): /ˈsukɑ/, [ˈsukɑ] (Jõgõperä) IPA(key): /ˈsukɑ/, [ˈsukɑ] (Central Votic) IPA(key): /ˈsukɑ/, [ˈsukɑ] (Eastern Votic) IPA(key): /ˈsukɑ/, [ˈsukɑ] Rhymes: -ukɑ Hyphenation: su‧ka === Noun === suka comb crest (of a horse) ==== Inflection ==== === References === Hallap, V.; Adler, E.; Grünberg, S.; Leppik, M. (2012), “suka”, in Vadja keele sõnaraamat [A dictionary of the Votic language]‎[11], 2nd edition, Tallinn == Wallisian == === Etymology === Borrowed from English sugar, from Middle English sugre, borrowed from Old French çucre, borrowed from Old Italian zucchero, borrowed from Arabic سُكَّر (sukkar), borrowed from Middle Persian 𐭱𐭪𐭥 (šakar), borrowed from Gandhari 𐨭𐨐𐨪 (śakara), from Sanskrit शर्क॑रा (śárkarā), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *śárkaraH, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćárkaraH, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱorkeh₂ (“gravel”). === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /su.ka/ Hyphenation: su‧ka === Noun === suka sugar == Waray-Waray == === Noun === sukà vinegar == West Makian == === Etymology === From Malay suka, possibly through Ternate, from Sanskrit सुख (sukha). === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈs̪u.ka/ === Verb === suka (transitive) to like (modal, auxiliary) to very much want to (do something) (modal, auxiliary) to like to (do something) coba ni suka nidadi puni ― if you would like to become a spirit ==== Usage notes ==== As a modal verb, it does not appear to be conjugated. ==== Conjugation ==== === References === Clemens Voorhoeve (1982), The Makian languages and their neighbours‎[12], Pacific linguistics == Xhosa == === Etymology === (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.) === Verb === -súka (intransitive) to be lost ==== Inflection ==== This verb needs an inflection-table template. == Zulu == === Etymology === Possibly from Proto-Bantu *-tíga (“to leave behind”) with the separative suffix *-ʊka, however the tonal change is unexplained. (Note that although this verb is a low toned verb, it is sometimes treated as high toned in the imperative form.) This would make the term related to -sala and -shiya. === Verb === -suka (intransitive) to go away, to remove oneself (intransitive) to leave, to depart, to set off (intransitive) to originate ==== Inflection ==== ==== Derived terms ==== umsuka === References === C. M. Doke; B. W. Vilakazi (1972), “suka”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “suka (3.9)” Khumalo, J. (1982). Zulu tonology. African Studies, 41(1), 3–125. doi:10.1080/00020188208707579. eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/00020188208707579