stum

== English == === Etymology === From Dutch stom (“unfermented”, literally “mute; dull”). Compare French vin muet, German stummer Wein. Doublet of shtum. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /stʌm/ Rhymes: -ʌm === Noun === stum (countable and uncountable, plural stums) (obsolete) Unfermented grape juice; must. 1620s, Ben Jonson, Leges Convivales Let our wines, without mixture of stum, be all fine. (obsolete) Wine revived by new fermentation, resulting from the admixture of must. ==== Translations ==== === Verb === stum (third-person singular simple present stums, present participle stumming, simple past and past participle stummed) (transitive, obsolete) To ferment. (transitive, obsolete) To renew (wine etc.) by mixing must with it and raising a new fermentation. (transitive, obsolete) To fume, as a cask of liquor, with burning sulphur. === Notes === === References === “stum”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC. === Anagrams === UMTS, MTUs, tums, smut, UTMs, UTMS, must == Danish == === Etymology === From Middle Low German stum. === Adjective === stum (neuter stumt, plural and definite singular attributive stumme) mute, not possessing the ability of speech temporarily unable to speak due to strong emotion not involving speech ==== Inflection ==== ==== Derived terms ==== stumhed døvstum ==== Related terms ==== stamme ==== See also ==== tavs === References === “stum” in Den Danske Ordbog “stum” in Ordbog over det danske Sprog == Latvian == === Verb === stum inflection of stumt: second-person singular present indicative second-person singular imperative == Norwegian Nynorsk == === Etymology === Borrowed from Middle Low German stum. Compare to Swedish stum and Danish stum. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /stumː/ === Adjective === stum (neuter singular stumt, definite singular and plural stumme, comparative stummare, indefinite superlative stummast, definite superlative stummaste) quiet, silent (also about pronunciation of letters) speechless, mute (also about people) === References === “stum” in The Nynorsk Dictionary. == Old Dutch == === Etymology === From Proto-West Germanic *stumm, from Proto-Germanic *stummaz. === Adjective === stum mute ==== Inflection ==== ==== Descendants ==== Middle Dutch: stom Dutch: stomBerbice Creole Dutch: stomNegerhollands: stom→ English: stum, stoom→ Papiamentu: stom (dated) === References === “stum”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012 == Swedish == === Etymology === From Old Swedish stumber. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /stɵm/ === Adjective === stum (not comparable) mute (unable to speak) rigid (not flexing or stretching) ==== Declension ==== ==== Derived terms ==== stumfilm ==== Related terms ==== stumhet === References === “stum”, in Svensk ordbok [Dictionary of Swedish] (in Swedish) “stum”, in Svenska Akademiens ordlista [Wordlist of the Swedish Academy] (in Swedish) “stum”, in Svenska Akademiens ordbok [Dictionary of the Swedish Academy] (in Swedish) === Anagrams === must, tums