straff

== German == === Etymology === From late Middle High German straf, cognate with Dutch straf, with further origin uncertain. However, a semantic connection Proto-Indo-European *(s)ter(h₁)- (“to be stiff; be rigid; exert”) (whence Proto-Germanic *staraz (“stiff”)) has been proposed (DWDS). === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ʃtʁaf/ Hyphenation: straff === Adjective === straff (strong nominative masculine singular straffer, comparative straffer, superlative am straffsten) (also figurative) tight, firm, of an object that could also be slack ein straffes Programm ― a tight schedule ==== Declension ==== ==== Derived terms ==== Straffheit === Further reading === “straff” in Duden online “straff”, in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache‎[1] (in German) == Icelandic == === Etymology === Borrowed from Middle Low German straffen, from Proto-West Germanic *strēpōn, of uncertain ultimate origin, but possibly related to *streupan (“to squeeze, press, graze”). Cognate with Swedish straff; compare with German Strafe. === Noun === straff n (genitive singular straffs, nominative plural ströff) (dated) punishment, penalty the state of being confined to one's home; house arrest, the state of being grounded ==== Declension ==== === References === === Further reading === “straff” in the Dictionary of Modern Icelandic (in Icelandic) and ISLEX (in the Nordic languages) == Norwegian Bokmål == === Etymology 1 === From Middle Low German or German Low German; compare with German Strafe. ==== Noun ==== straff m (definite singular straffen, indefinite plural straffer, definite plural straffene) a punishment a penalty ===== Derived terms ===== ===== Related terms ===== straffbar straffe === Etymology 2 === ==== Verb ==== straff imperative of straffe === References === “straff” in The Bokmål Dictionary. == Norwegian Nynorsk == === Etymology === From Middle Low German or German Low German; compare with German Strafe. === Noun === straff f (definite singular straffa, indefinite plural straffer, definite plural straffene) a punishment a penalty ==== Derived terms ==== === References === “straff” in The Nynorsk Dictionary. == Swedish == === Pronunciation === Rhymes: -af === Etymology 1 === From Middle Low German straffen, from Proto-West Germanic *strēpōn, of uncertain ultimate origin, but possibly related to *streupan (“to squeeze, press, graze”). Compare with German Strafe. Etymologies 2, 3, and 4 below are all clippings of compounds from Etymology 1. ==== Noun ==== straff n punishment, penalty (law) sentence ===== Declension ===== ===== Derived terms ===== ===== Related terms ===== straffa === Etymology 2 === Clipping of straffspark. ==== Noun ==== straff c (soccer, common) penalty kick Synonym: straffspark ===== Declension ===== === Etymology 3 === Clipping of straffslag n. ==== Noun ==== straff c (ice hockey) penalty shot ===== Declension ===== === Etymology 4 === Clipping of straffkast n. ==== Noun ==== straff c (handball) penalty throw Synonym: 7-meterskast (basketball) free throw Synonym: (Anglicism) frikast ===== Declension ===== === References === “straff”, in Svensk ordbok [Dictionary of Swedish] (in Swedish) “straff”, in Svenska Akademiens ordlista [Wordlist of the Swedish Academy] (in Swedish) “straff”, in Svenska Akademiens ordbok [Dictionary of the Swedish Academy] (in Swedish)