stingrs

== Latvian == === Etymology === From the same stem as the verb stingt (“to harden, to stiffen”) (q.v.), with an extra (adjectivizing?) r. A parallel form without the r yielded stings (“stiff, numb”). Cognates include Lithuanian stiñgras (“firm, strict”), stingrùs, sti̇̀ngrus (“rigid, stiff, numb; hard, solid; strained; heavy”). The verb stiñgt (“to stiffen”) is cognate with Lithuanian sti̇̀ngti (“id.”). According to Karulis, from Proto-Indo-European *ten- (“to stretch, pull, flex, clench”) (whence also Latvian tiepties), with an anlaut s- (compare stiept) and an extra -gʰ, thus Proto-Indo-European *stengʰ- : *stn̥gʰ- > Proto-Baltic *steng- : *sting-. According to a different view (Endzelīns, Vasmer, Pokorny), stingt is to be linked with Old High German stanga (“stick, club”), Old High German stengil (“stalk”) from Proto-Indo-European *stegʰ- (“to stab”) or, according to Pokorny, with Sanskrit स्त्यायते (styāyate, “coagulates, becomes hard”), Gothic 𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍃 (stains), German Stein (“rock”) from Proto-Indo-European *steyh₂- (“to thicken”). === Pronunciation === IPA(key): [stīŋɡɾs], IPA(key): [stîŋɡɾs] === Adjective === stingrs (definite stingrais, comparative stingrāks, superlative visstingrākais, adverb stingri) (of objects, materials, etc.) firm, strong, rigid (capable of resisting the actions of mechanical forces without harm or change) stingra sija ― strong, firm beam stingra construkcija ― strong, firm construction stingra atspere ― strong, firm spring stingrs rāmis ― strong, firm, rigid frame stingrs audums ― strong fabric stingrs savienojums ― firm, rigid compound stingra masa ― firm, rigid mass pamats te stingrs, tu ar savu buldozeru vari droši braukt virsū! ― the foundation is strong, firm here, you and your bulldozer can safely ride on top (of it)! “piesēdieties, lūdzu”, viņa pastūma Berga kundzei stingrāko krēslu ― “please sit down,” she pushed to(ward) Mrs Bergs the a firmer, stronger chair olu baltumus kopā ar cukuru saputo stingrās putās ― one whips the whites of the eggs together with the sugar into a firm foam (of living beings, their bodies) firm, strong, sturdy (having much strength; physically well developed, not weak, not brittle) stingrs zirgs ― strong horse stingri koki ― strong, firm trees tēvs bija vēl stingrs vecis, kādreiz strādājis kalēja darbus ― (his) father was still a strong old man, (who) had once worked as a blacksmith jēriņš, kaut arī lēnām, brieda arvien stingrāks un apaļāks ― the little lamb, albeit slowly, was growing increasingly stronger and rounder stingrais augums, kuru apņēma sarkani puķota katūna kleitiņa, gan rādīja jau sievieti, bet viņas seja... atgādināja biklu skolnieci ― her firm height (= body), hugged by a little flowery cotton dress, already showed a woman, but her face... recalled the timid schoolgirl viņa zina, ka pēc pāris nedēļām vīra rokas būs daudz stingrākas nekā šobrīd... viņai patīk stipras rokas ― she knows that after a couple of weeks (her) husband's hands will be much firmer, stronger than now... she likes strong hands firm, strong (done, happening with energy, strength; affecting (something else) strongly) rokas spiediens - stingrs, kā jau cilvēkiem, kas draugos ar tehniku ― (his) handshake (is) firm, like that of someone who is friends with the technique eju dēlam pa priekšu stingriem, noteiktiem soļiem ― I go ahead of (my) son (with) firm, determined steps firm, strong, rigorous (showing above average intensity) vējš ar katru stundu kļuva aizvien stingrāks ― with every hour, the wind became increasingly stronger togad bija tāda pati agra un stingra ziema kā šogad, tikai sals uzknieba vēl niknāk ― that year winter was just as rigorous as this year, only the frost was biting even more wildly (= strongly, painfully) (of ideas, norms, principles, actions, or the people who espouse them) firm, strong, rigorous, strict (based on certain, usually fixed, opinions, viewpoints; expressing such viewpoints) stingrs princips ― firm principle stingrs likums ― rigorous, strict law stingra nostāja ― firm, rigorous stance stingra pārliecība ― firm, strong conviction, belief stingra tīcība ― strong faith stingrs rīkojums ― strict instructions, orders stringra audzināšana ― strict upbringing stingrs rājens ― strong, firm reprimand stingrs skolotājs, audzinātājs ― strict teacher, educator stingrs tēvs ― strict father stingra seja ― strict, firm face slimnieks jāievēro stingrs režīms ― the patient must observe a strict regime viņi bija save ceļa gājēji ar stingriem uzksatiem par dzīvi un cilvēkiem ― they were going their own way, with firm, strict opinions about life and people veltīgi cerēt, māmiņa ir stingra ― it is futile to hope (for more freedom), mommy is strict meitene izskatījās neatkarīga un ar stingru raksturu ― the girl looked independent and strict of character (of social phenomena) strong, firm, stable (which does not change in time) stingra valsts vara ― strong state power stingrs miers ― firm, stable peace (colloquial, of alcoholic beverages) strong (with high alcohol content) Pētera šņabis bija tik stingrs un krietns, ka viņa slava bija izplatījusies pat vācu aprindās ― Pēteris' vodka was so strong and robust that his fame had spread even in German circles (colloquial, adverbial form) very; fully kažociņš bija stingri vien apvalkāts ― the fur coat was strictly (= very) worn, shabby (mathematics, with nevienādība (“inequality”)) strict; such that is not true if an equals sign is placed between a and b stingras nevienādības grafiks ir raustīta līnija ― the graph of a strict inequality is a dashed line ==== Declension ==== ==== Synonyms ==== (of "rigid", "stiff"): ciets, stings, stīvs (of "strong"): spēcīgs, stiprs ==== Derived terms ==== stingrība stingrums nestingrs ==== Related terms ==== stings stingt === References ===