stem

== English == === Pronunciation === enPR: stĕm, (Received Pronunciation, General American) IPA(key): /stɛm/ (US, pin–pen merger) IPA(key): /stɪm/ (General Australian, New Zealand) IPA(key): /stem/ Rhymes: -ɛm Homophone: stim (pin–pen merger) === Etymology 1 === From Middle English stem, stemme, stempne, stevin, from Old English stemn (“stem”), from Proto-West Germanic *stamni, from Proto-Germanic *stamniz (“stem, tree stalk”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- (“to stand, stay”). ==== Noun ==== stem (plural stems) The stock of a family; a race or generation of progenitors. A branch of a family. (taxonomy) A branch, or group of branches, located outside a family or other cladistic group, but which is more closely related to that group than to any other taxon of the same rank. An advanced or leading position; the lookout. (botany) The above-ground stalk (technically axis) of a vascular plant, and certain anatomically similar, below-ground organs such as rhizomes, bulbs, tubers, and corms. A slender supporting member of an individual part of a plant such as a flower or a leaf; also, by analogy, the shaft of a feather. A narrow part on certain man-made objects, such as a wine glass, a tobacco pipe, a spoon. (linguistics) The main part of an uninflected word to which affixes may be added to form inflections of the word. A stem often has a more fundamental root. Systematic conjugations and declensions derive from their stems. (slang) A person's leg. (slang) The penis. (typography) A vertical stroke of a letter. (music) A vertical stroke marking the length of a note in written music. Synonyms: tail, (obsolete) virgula (music) A premixed portion of a track for use in audio mastering and remixing. (nautical, precisely) The vertical or nearly vertical forward extension of the keel, to which the forward ends of the planks or strakes are attached. (nautical, loosely) The front part of a vessel. Synonyms: bow, fore, forestem, prow, beak, prore Antonyms: stern, aft, poop from stem to stern (cycling) A component on a bicycle that connects the handlebars to the bicycle fork. (anatomy) A part of an anatomic structure considered without its possible branches or ramifications. (slang) A crack pipe; or the long, hollow portion of a similar pipe (i.e. meth pipe) resembling a crack pipe. (chiefly UK) A winder on a clock, watch, or similar mechanism. ===== Derived terms ===== ===== Translations ===== ===== References ===== “stem”, in Collins English Dictionary, 2011–present. ==== Verb ==== stem (third-person singular simple present stems, present participle stemming, simple past and past participle stemmed) To remove the stem from. To be caused or derived; to originate. To descend in a family line. To direct the stem (of a ship) against; to make headway against. (obsolete) To hit with the stem of a ship; to ram. To ram (clay, etc.) into a blasting hole. ===== Synonyms ===== (to originate, spring): to be due to, to arise from ===== Derived terms ===== ===== Translations ===== === Etymology 2 === From Middle English stemmen, a borrowing from Old Norse stemma (“to stop, stem, dam”) (whence Danish stemme/stæmme (“to stem, dam up”)), from Proto-Germanic *stammijaną. Cognate with German stemmen, Middle Dutch stemmen, stempen. Compare stammer. ==== Verb ==== stem (third-person singular simple present stems, present participle stemming, simple past and past participle stemmed) (transitive) To stop, hinder (for instance, a river or blood). to stem a tide (skiing) To move the feet apart and point the tips of the skis inward in order to slow down the speed or to facilitate a turn. (climbing) To use a stance with the feet spread apart, bracing them in opposite directions against the two walls of a chimney or dihedral. ===== Synonyms ===== See also Thesaurus:hinder ===== Translations ===== === Etymology 3 === ==== Noun ==== stem (plural stems) Alternative form of steem. === Etymology 4 === Acronym of science, technology, engineering, (and) mathematics. ==== Noun ==== stem (plural stems) Alternative form of STEM. ==== Further reading ==== “stem”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC. William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin Eli Smith, editors (1895–1910), “stem”, in The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia: […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC. Douglas Harper (2001–2026), “stem”, in Online Etymology Dictionary. === Etymology 5 === Blend of stud +‎ femme. ==== Noun ==== stem (plural stems) Alternative spelling of stemme (“lesbian who combines stud and femme traits”). === Anagrams === EMTs, Mets, Smet, TEMs, mets == Afrikaans == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /stɛm/ === Etymology 1 === From Dutch stem, from Middle Dutch stemme, from Old Dutch *stemma, from Proto-Germanic *stebnō, *stamnijō. ==== Noun ==== stem (plural stemme) vote voice === Etymology 2 === From Dutch stemmen. ==== Verb ==== stem (present stem, present participle stemmende, past participle gestem) to vote == Czech == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): [ˈstɛm] === Noun === stem n instrumental singular of sto == Dutch == === Etymology === From Middle Dutch stemme, from Old Dutch *stemma, from Proto-West Germanic *stebnu, from Proto-Germanic *stebnō, *stamnijō. Under influence of Latin vox (“voice, word”), it acquired the now obsolete sense of “word”. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /stɛm/ Hyphenation: stem Rhymes: -ɛm === Noun === stem f (plural stemmen, diminutive stemmetje n) voice, sound made by the mouth using airflow the ability to speak Zij is haar stem kwijt. ― She’s lost her voice. vote (obsolete) word (phonetics) voice, property formed by vibration of the vocal cords ==== Derived terms ==== ==== Descendants ==== Afrikaans: stem Negerhollands: stem → Aukan: sitemu → Caribbean Javanese: setèm, nyetèm, nyetèmi → Indonesian: sêtèm → Indonesian: suara (semantic loan) → Papiamentu: stèm → Sranan Tongo: sten, stèm → Trió: sten === Verb === stem inflection of stemmen: first-person singular present indicative (in case of inversion) second-person singular present indicative imperative === Anagrams === mest, mets == Indonesian == === Etymology === From English stem, from Middle English stem, stemme, stempne, stevin, from Old English stemn, from Proto-Germanic *stamniz, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- (“to stand, stay”). === Pronunciation === (Standard Indonesian) IPA(key): /ˈstɛm/ [ˈst̪ɛm] Rhymes: -ɛm Syllabification: stem Homophone: STEM === Noun === stem (plural stem-stem) stem: (nautical) the vertical or nearly vertical forward extension of the keel, to which the forward ends of the planks or strakes are attached. (linguistics) the main part of an uninflected word to which affixes may be added to form inflections of the word. A stem often has a more fundamental root. Systematic conjugations and declensions derive from their stems (music) a vertical stroke marking the length of a note in written music === Further reading === “stem”, in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia [Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016 == Latin == === Pronunciation === (Classical Latin) IPA(key): [ˈstẽː] (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): [ˈstɛm] === Verb === stem first-person singular present active subjunctive of stō == Middle English == === Noun === stem alternative form of stemme == Norwegian Bokmål == === Verb === stem imperative of stemme == Norwegian Nynorsk == === Verb === stem imperative of stemme == Tok Pisin == === Etymology === From English stamp. === Noun === stem stamp