stawać

== Old Polish == === Etymology === Inherited from Proto-Slavic *stavati. By surface analysis, stać +‎ -wać. First attested in c. 1408. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): (10th–15th CE) /staːvat͡ɕʲ/ IPA(key): (15th CE) /stɒvat͡ɕʲ/ === Verb === stawać impf to be (to be located somewhere) (attested in Masovia) to be present at the appointed date and place to participate in a court hearing as a party (attested in Sieradz-Łęczyca) to weaken (to lose strength, power, or value) (intransitive or impersonal, attested in Masovia, Greater Poland) to suffice; to be available ==== Derived terms ==== ==== Descendants ==== Polish: stawać Silesian: stŏwać === References === Boryś, Wiesław (2005), “stawać”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN Mańczak, Witold (2017), “stawać”, in Polski słownik etymologiczny (in Polish), Kraków: Polska Akademia Umiejętności, →ISBN Bożena Sieradzka-Baziur, et al., editors (2011–2015), “stawać”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN == Polish == === Etymology === Inherited from Old Polish stawać. By surface analysis, stać +‎ -wać. The forms staję etc. are suppletive from stajać (“to stand”). === Pronunciation === Rhymes: -avat͡ɕ Syllabification: sta‧wać === Verb === stawać impf (indeterminate, frequentative, imperfective determinate stać, perfective stanąć) (intransitive, of people) to stand, to stand up (to take a vertical position on one's legs) [with instrumental ‘with what’; or with na (+ locative) ‘on what’] (intransitive, of things) to stand, to stand up (to be placed vertically somewhere) (intransitive, of hair, etc.) to stand, to stand up (to take on a vertical position) (intransitive, of constructions) to stand (to be raised; to be built) (intransitive, of celestial bodies) to sit (to take a particular position in the sky) (intransitive) to stand (to arrive somewhere in some aim) [with przed (+ instrumental) ‘before (in front of) whom’] (intransitive) to stop (to cease moving) Synonym: zatrzymywać się (intransitive) to stop (to cease functioning) (intransitive) to stand; to be (to find oneself in some situation that requires action) [with przed (+ instrumental) ‘in front of what’], [with wobec (+ genitive) ‘with regard to what’] (intransitive) to stand (to take part in something that requires appearing at a specific place; i.e. on stage) [with do (+ genitive) ‘(on/in)to what’], [with na (+ locative) ‘on what’], [with przy (+ locative) ‘at what’], [with za (+ instrumental) ‘behind what’] (intransitive, colloquial) to arise; to come (to come to fruition) (intransitive) to come (i.e. of topics, issues, to be presented to a group of people for discussion) (intransitive, of water) to freeze (to stop flowing from having the surface freeze over) (intransitive, colloquial, of someone's penis) to stand up (to become erect) (intransitive) to stand up (to resist) Synonym: przeciwstawić się (intransitive) to concentrate (to gather into a single, more dense mass) (intransitive, archaic) to stop (to cease travelling or moving somewhere for some sort of stay) (intransitive, archaic) to suffice (to be enough, to be valuable enough) [with za (+ accusative) ‘for whom’] Synonym: wystarczać === Verb === stawać impf (perfective stać) (reflexive with się) to happen (to take place at a particular time) (reflexive with się) to become (to change into, to start being) (reflexive with się) to happen to, to happen with (to cause someone to undergo certain circumstances) [with z (+ instrumental) ‘with/to whom’] (reflexive with się) to end up; to turn out ==== Conjugation ==== or (nonstandard, obsolete, or regional) ==== Derived terms ==== === Trivia === According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), stawać się is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 29 times in scientific texts, 2 times in news, 25 times in essays, 16 times in fiction, and 6 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 78 times, making it the 832nd most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words. === References === === Further reading === “stawać”, in Wielki słownik języka polskiego‎[8] (in Polish), Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN “stawać się”, in Wielki słownik języka polskiego‎[9] (in Polish), Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN “stawać”, in Polish dictionaries at PWN‎[10] (in Polish) Maria Renata Mayenowa; Stanisław Rospond; Witold Taszycki; Stefan Hrabec; Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023), “stawać”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish] Maria Renata Mayenowa; Stanisław Rospond; Witold Taszycki; Stefan Hrabec; Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023), “stawać się”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish] “STAWAĆ”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 16.10.2008 “STAWAĆ%20SIĘ”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 05.06.2012 Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814), “stawać”, in Słownik języka polskiego Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861), “stawać”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861 J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1915), “stawać”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 6, Warsaw, page 407 stawać się in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego