standard

== English == === Etymology === From Middle English standard, from Old French estandart (“gathering place, battle flag”), from Frankish *standahard (literally “stand firm, stand hard”), equivalent to stand +‎ -ard. An alternative etymology derives the second element from Frankish *oʀd (“point, spot, place”) (compare Old French ordé (“pointed”), Old English ord (“point, source, vanguard”), German Standort (“location, place, site, position, base”, literally “standing-point”)). Merged with Middle English standar, stander, standere (“flag, banner”, literally “stander”), equivalent to stand +‎ -er. More at stand, hard, ord. As a hill-naming term possibly a calque from Cumbric; equivalent to Welsh lluman (“standard”), arising with confusion with the hill-naming element llumon (“chimney”). === Pronunciation === (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ˈstændəd/ (General American, without æ-raising) IPA(key): /ˈstændɚd/ (æ-raising) IPA(key): /ˈsteə̯ndɚd/, /ˈstɛə̯ndɚd/ Rhymes: -ə(ɹ)d Hyphenation: stan‧dard === Adjective === standard (comparative more standard, superlative most standard) Falling within an accepted range of size, amount, power, quality, etc. Synonyms: customary, ordinary, typical; see also Thesaurus:normal, Thesaurus:standard (of a tree or shrub) Growing alone as a free-standing plant; not trained on a post etc. Having recognized excellence or authority. Of a usable or serviceable grade or quality. (not comparable, of a motor vehicle) Having a manual transmission. Antonym: automatic As normally supplied (not optional or modified by any extra requests). Synonyms: normal, basic, ordinary Antonyms: deluxe, modified (linguistics) Conforming to the standard variety. ==== Antonyms ==== nonstandard, non-standard ==== Derived terms ==== ==== Translations ==== === Noun === standard (plural standards) A principle or example or measure used for comparison. A level of quality or attainment. Synonym: benchmark Something used as a measure for comparative evaluations; a model. Synonym: yardstick A musical work of established popularity. A rule or set of rules or requirements which are widely agreed upon or imposed by government. The proportion of weights of fine metal and alloy established for coinage. (sociolinguistics) standard idiom, a prestigious or standardized language variety; standard language A bottle of wine containing 0.750 liters of fluid. (India) Grade level in primary or secondary education. A vertical pole with something at its apex. An object supported in an upright position, such as a lamp standard. The flag or ensign carried by a military unit. One of the upright members that supports the horizontal axis of a transit or theodolite. Any upright support, such as one of the poles of a scaffold. A sturdy, woody plant whose upright stem is used to graft a less hardy ornamental flowering plant on, rather then actually planting it. A tree of natural size supported by its own stem, and not dwarfed by grafting on the stock of a smaller species nor trained upon a wall or trellis. The sheth of a plough. (in place names, chiefly Northern England, Scotland) a cairn or tumulus a hill with a cairn or tumulus at its summit A manual transmission vehicle. (botany) The upper petal or banner of a papilionaceous corolla. (shipbuilding) An inverted knee timber placed upon the deck instead of beneath it, with its vertical branch turned upward from that which lies horizontally. A large drinking cup. (historical) A collar of mail protecting the neck. Synonym: pisane Ellipsis of standard poodle. A measure for timber. ==== Hyponyms ==== bog standard double standard gold standard time standard ==== Derived terms ==== ==== Descendants ==== ==== Translations ==== === Interjection === standard (UK, slang) An expression of agreement. === References === === Anagrams === Randstad, sand dart == Czech == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): [ˈstandart] === Noun === standard m inan standard ==== Declension ==== ==== Related terms ==== ==== See also ==== norma měřítko === Further reading === “standard”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957 “standard”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989 “standard”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech), 2008–2026 == Danish == === Etymology === From English standard. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈstanˌdarˀt/, [ˈsd̥anˌd̥ɑːˀd̥] Homophone: standart === Noun === standard c (singular definite standarden, plural indefinite standarder) standard ==== Inflection ==== == French == === Etymology === English standard. Doublet of étendard. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /stɑ̃.daʁ/ === Noun === standard m (plural standards) standard switchboard === Adjective === standard (feminine standarde, masculine plural standards, feminine plural standardes) standard ==== Usage notes ==== Often treated as invariable (with the single form standard used for masculine and feminine, singular and plural), but dictionary accounts vary. ==== Synonyms ==== normal ==== Descendants ==== → Romanian: standard → Turkish: standart === References === === Further reading === “standard”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012 == Italian == === Alternative forms === standar (misspelling) === Etymology === Borrowed from English. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈstan.dard/ Rhymes: -andard Hyphenation: stàn‧dard === Adjective === standard (invariable) standard === Noun === standard m (invariable) standard ==== Related terms ==== standardizzare standardizzazione === References === == Middle English == === Alternative forms === standarde, stondard standart, standarte, standert, stondert (Late Middle English) === Etymology === Borrowed from Old French estandart, probably from Frankish *standahard (“stable, fixed”, adjective, literally “standing firm”), from Frankish *standan (“to stand”) + *hard(ī) (“hard, firm”). === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /stanˈdard/, /ˈstandard/, (Late Middle English) /ˈstandərd/ IPA(key): /ˈstɔndard/, (Late Middle English) /ˈstɔndərd/ (influenced by stonden or dialectal variation between /a/ and /ɔ/) === Noun === standard (plural standards) A standard; a flag identifying a military unit. Any upright or supporting object: (espcially construction) A vertical pole or support. A tower (such as a water tower or siege engine) A large candlestick or its holder. A tall upright container (such as a chest or vessel) (rare) A stick or skewer (in coining or cooking) (forestry, rare) An uncut tree. A reference for or exemplar of a standard measure. (by extension, rare) A standard or exemplar. (cooking, rare) The primary dish in a course. (armour, rare) A gorget; an armoured neckpiece. ==== Descendants ==== English: standard (see there for further descendants) Middle Scots: standart Scots: standart ==== References ==== “standard, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007. == Norwegian Bokmål == === Etymology === From Old French estandart, via English standard. === Adjective === standard (singular and plural standard, comparative mer standard, superlative mest standard) standard === Noun === standard m (definite singular standarden, indefinite plural standarder, definite plural standardene) a standard ==== Derived terms ==== levestandard === References === “standard” in The Bokmål Dictionary. “standard_1” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB). “standard_2” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB). == Norwegian Nynorsk == === Etymology === From Old French estandart, via English standard. === Adjective === standard (singular and plural standard, comparative meir standard, superlative mest standard) standard === Noun === standard m (definite singular standarden, indefinite plural standardar, definite plural standardane) a standard ==== Derived terms ==== levestandard === References === “standard” in The Nynorsk Dictionary. == Polish == === Etymology === Borrowed from English standard. Doublet of sztandar. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈstan.dart/ Rhymes: -andart Syllabification: stan‧dard === Noun === standard m inan standard ==== Declension ==== ==== Derived terms ==== === Further reading === “standard”, in Wielki słownik języka polskiego‎[4] (in Polish), Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN “standard”, in Polish dictionaries at PWN‎[5] (in Polish) == Portuguese == === Alternative forms === estândar (rare) === Etymology === Unadapted borrowing from English standard, from Old French estandart. Doublet of estandarte. === Pronunciation === === Noun === standard m (invariable) standard === Adjective === standard (invariable) standard === Further reading === “standard”, in Dicionário Aulete Digital (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon Editora Digital, 2008–2026 “standard”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2026 == Romanian == === Etymology === Borrowed from French standard. === Noun === standard n (plural standarde) standard ==== Declension ==== == Serbo-Croatian == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /stǎndard/ Hyphenation: stan‧dard === Noun === stàndard m inan (Cyrillic spelling ста̀ндард) standard ==== Declension ==== === Further reading === “standard”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2026 == Swedish == === Noun === standard c a standard, a norm ==== Declension ==== ==== Related terms ==== standardisera ==== See also ==== standar