stać

== Old Polish == === Etymology 1 === Inherited from Proto-Slavic *stojàti. ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): (10th–15th CE) /staːt͡ɕʲ/ IPA(key): (15th CE) /stɒt͡ɕʲ/ ==== Verb ==== stać impf (of people) to stand (to have a position on one's legs) (of objects) to stand (to be placed somewhere; to be located somewhere, especially vertically) (of plants) to grow to stand (to be located) to stop somewhere; to remain; to reside to stand over (to watch over) [with nad (+ instrumental) ‘over whom’] to stop to stand to not move to remain in some state to remain in some legal relation to exist to be written, to exist in text to be present in a court hearing to conduct a court hearing to be inactive, to idle to cost (to have a certain price) to agree with, to match, to correspond to have or maintain a legal power; to allow legally to remain, to last to strive for (to try for with effort) to support, to help, to assist to aid in a legal trail to act against someone to result from, to thank one's existence for [with instrumental] to take place, to occur The meaning of this term is uncertain. ===== Descendants ===== Polish: stać, stojeć (Near Masovian, Kuyavia, Ciechocinek, Western Lublin, Eastern Lublin, Lublin Voivodeship), stoić (Central Greater Poland, Far Masovian, Kuyavia, Ciechocinek, Western Lublin, Eastern Lublin, Lublin Voivodeship, Łowicz) Silesian: stać === Etymology 2 === Inherited from Proto-Slavic *stati. First attested in the 14th century. ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): (10th–15th CE) /stat͡ɕʲ/ IPA(key): (15th CE) /stat͡ɕʲ/ ==== Verb ==== stać pf to get up, to stand up (to assume a standing position) to stop (to stop moving) to take some position or location to appear in court to reach some price to remain (to not wither away) to happen to; to damage, to harm to leave one's roll to run out (to stop existing) to remain; to rest (to continue to be) (reflexive with się) to happen, to occur, to take place (reflexive with się) to be created (reflexive with się) to transform, to change shape (reflexive with się) to come or arrive at some state or age (reflexive with się) corruption of łszczeć się ===== Alternative forms ===== sstać ===== Descendants ===== Polish: stać Silesian: stać === References === Boryś, Wiesław (2005), “stać”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN Bożena Sieradzka-Baziur, et al., editors (2011–2015), “1. stać”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN Bożena Sieradzka-Baziur, et al., editors (2011–2015), “2. stać, sstać”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN Bożena Sieradzka-Baziur, et al., editors (2011–2015), “3. stać, stać się, sstać, sstać się”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN == Polish == === Etymology 1 === Inherited from Old Polish stać. ==== Pronunciation ==== Rhymes: -at͡ɕ Syllabification: stać ==== Verb ==== stać pf (imperfective stawać) (reflexive with się) to happen (to take place at a particular time) Co tu się stało? ― What happened here? Stała się rzecz niepojęta, Tomek pogodził się z ojcem! ― Something incomprehensible happened, Tom reconciled with his father! Czuję, że stanie się coś złego. ― I feel that something bad will happen. Co się stało, to się nie odstanie. ― What's done is done. (reflexive with się) to become (to change into, to start being) Myślisz, że się zmieni, gdy stanie się sławna? ― Do you think she will change when she becomes famous? Po kilku dniach stali się najlepszymi przyjaciółmi. ― After a few days, they became best friends. Jego twarz stała się czerwona ze złości. ― His face turned red with anger. (reflexive with się) to happen to, to happen with (to cause someone to undergo certain circumstances) [with z (+ instrumental) ‘with/to whom’] (reflexive with się) to end up; to turn out (intransitive, impersonal, Near Masovian, chiefly in the negative) to not run out [with accusative ‘on whom’; or with genitive or na (+ accusative) ‘of what’] Antonym: zabraknąć Nie stanie chleba. ― The bread is going to run out. ===== Conjugation ===== ===== Derived terms ===== ==== Trivia ==== According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), stać się is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 51 times in scientific texts, 22 times in news, 52 times in essays, 51 times in fiction, and 67 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 243 times, making it the 219th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words. === Etymology 2 === Inherited from Old Polish stać. ==== Alternative forms ==== stojeć (Near Masovian, Kuyavia, Ciechocinek, Western Lublin, Eastern Lublin, Lublin Voivodeship) stoić (Central Greater Poland, Far Masovian, Kuyavia, Ciechocinek, Western Lublin, Eastern Lublin, Lublin Voivodeship, Łowicz) ==== Pronunciation ==== Rhymes: -at͡ɕ Syllabification: stać ==== Verb ==== stać impf (determinate, perfective stanąć, indeterminate stawać) (intransitive, of living beings) to stand (to take a position on one's feet) [with na (+ locative) ‘on what’] Dlaczego ci ludzie tu stoją? ― Why are these people standing here? Stała przed nim przez pięć minut. ― She stood in front of him for five minutes. (intransitive) to stand over, to stand behind (to be near an object and perform a task at it) [with za (+ locative) ‘behind what’; or with na (+ locative) ‘over what’] (intransitive, of objects) to stand, to be (to be in an upright position) Te książki wcześniej stały na półce. ― These books were standing on the shelf earlier. Na przystanku stoi autobus. ― There is a bus at the stop. (intransitive) to stop, to stagnate (to remain in a state without chanhge) Od kilku miesięcy gospodarka stoi w miejscu. ― The economy has been in stagnation for several months now. (intransitive, chiefly of hair) to stand up, to stand on end (to be straightened out from the body) [with dative ‘whose hair’] (intransitive) to stop (to remain motionless, to not move) Stała w korku przez pięć minut. ― She was in traffic for five minutes. (intransitive, of words, etc.) to be (to be located in some text) (intransitive) to stay (to remain in a particular place for a while) (intransitive) to stop working; to shut down (to be in a state of non-continuation) Zegarek stał, a ja nie mogłem go naprawić. ― The watch wasn't working and I couldn't fix it. Nasza firma staje. ― Our company is shutting down. (intransitive) to stand (to be in a particular situation) (intransitive, of money) to value (to have some value) [with po (+ accusative) ‘how much’] (intransitive) to stand (to have a particular position in a hierarchy) (intransitive) to stand behind, to be behind (to influence) [with za (+ instrumental) ‘behind what’] (intransitive) to stand with (to support) [with przy (+ locative) ‘with whom’] (intransitive) to stand over (to watch) [with nad (+ instrumental) ‘over whom’] (intransitive) to stand before (to be in a position where one needs to make a decision) [with przed (+ instrumental) ‘before what/whom’] (intransitive) to stand behind, to be behind (to cause, to be the reason of, to be responsible for) [with za (+ instrumental) ‘behind what’] (intransitive) to stand between (to cause difficulties, to not facilitate) [with między (+ instrumental) ‘between what/whom’] (intransitive) to rely on, to depend on, to be based on the existence of something [with na (+ locative) ‘on what’; or with instrumental ‘with what’] (intransitive, colloquial) to be in force, to apply Umowa stoi. ― We've got a deal. (literally, “The deal is on.”) (intransitive) to aim for, to try for (to attempt to achieve) [with o (+ accusative) ‘for what’] (intransitive, obsolete) to be in progress Synonym: być w toku (intransitive, obsolete) to care for, to take care of [with o (+ accusative) ‘of whom’] Synonyms: dbać, troszczyć się (transitive, obsolete) to begin (to start, to initiate or take the first step into something) [with infinitive ‘to do what’] Synonyms: jąć, począć, zacząć (intransitive, obsolete) to serve [with dative ‘whom’] Synonym: służyć (intransitive, Masovian Borderland) to depend on; to strive for something; to care for [with o (+ accusative) ‘for what’] ===== Conjugation ===== ==== Interjection ==== stać halt! (stop moving!) Synonym: stój ==== Verb ==== stać pf (imperfective stawać) (impersonal) used to express the ability to bear the costs; to be able to afford [with accusative ‘subject’ and na (+ accusative) ‘what one can afford’] Wreszcie stać mnie na ten płaszcz. ― I can finally afford the coat. Nawet za pięć lat nie będzie go stać na ten samochód. ― Even in five years, he will not be able to afford this car. Czy Pańską rodzinę stać na adwokata? ― Is your family able to afford an attorney? (impersonal) used to capability; to be capable of [with accusative ‘subject’ and na (+ accusative) ‘what one is capable of’] Wiem, że stać nas na więcej! ― I know that we're capable of more! (impersonal) to be available [with dative ‘subject’ and genitive ‘what is available’] (impersonal, archaic, in the past) to suffice, to be enough [with za (+ accusative) ‘what is enough’] ===== Conjugation ===== ===== Derived terms ===== ===== Related terms ===== ===== Trivia ===== According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), stać is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 13 times in scientific texts, 25 times in news, 33 times in essays, 104 times in fiction, and 53 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 228 times, making it the 240th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words. === References === === Further reading === “stać”, in Wielki słownik języka polskiego‎[4] (in Polish), Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN “stać”, in Polish dictionaries at PWN‎[5] (in Polish) Maria Renata Mayenowa; Stanisław Rospond; Witold Taszycki; Stefan Hrabec; Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023), “1. stać”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish] Maria Renata Mayenowa; Stanisław Rospond; Witold Taszycki; Stefan Hrabec; Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023), “2. stać”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish] Maria Renata Mayenowa; Stanisław Rospond; Witold Taszycki; Stefan Hrabec; Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023), “stać się”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish] “STAĆ”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 20 November 2011 Wiesław Morawski (17.02.2009), “STAĆ%20SIĘ”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century] Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814), “stać”, in Słownik języka polskiego Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861), “stać”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861 J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1915), “stać”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 6, Warsaw, page 378 stać in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego Zygmunt Wasilewski (1889), “stać”, in Jagodne: wieś w powiecie łukowskim, gminie Dąbie: zarys etnograficzny‎[6] (in Polish), Warsaw: M. Arct, page 247 Wojciech Grzegorzewicz (1894), “ńe stać”, in “O języku ludowym w powiecie przasnyskim”, in Sprawozdania Komisji Językowej Akademii Umiejętności (in Polish), volume 5, Krakow: Akademia Umiejętności, page 116 Małgorzata Kapusta (2017), “stać”, in Mowa mieszkańców pogranicza Mazowsza (na przykładzie gminy Głowaczów w powiecie kozienickim) (in Polish), Warsaw: Elipsa, →ISBN, page 86 Halina Świderska (1929), “stać”, in Dialekt Księstwa Łowickiego (in Polish), Warsaw, →ISBN, page 134 == Silesian == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈstat͡ɕ/ Rhymes: -at͡ɕ Syllabification: stać === Etymology 1 === Inherited from Old Polish stać. ==== Verb ==== stać pf (reflexive with sie) to happen (to take place at a particular time) (reflexive with sie) to become (to change into, to start being) (reflexive with sie) to happen to, to happen with (to cause someone to undergo certain circumstances) [with z (+ instrumental) ‘with/to whom’] (reflexive with sie) to end up; to turn out ===== Conjugation ===== This verb needs an inflection-table template. === Etymology 2 === Inherited from Old Polish stać. ==== Verb ==== stać impf (intransitive) to stand (to take a position on one's legs) ===== Conjugation ===== This verb needs an inflection-table template. ===== Alternative forms ===== stŏć === Further reading === stac in dykcjonorz.eu stać_sie in silling.org stać in silling.org