sine

== English == === Etymology === Borrowed from Latin sinus (“curve, bend; bosom”), a translation of Arabic جَيْب (jayb, “bosom”), a misidentification of the notation جيب (j-y-b), written without vowel diacritics, standing for Arabic جِيبَ (jība, “sine”), in turn from Sanskrit ज्या (jyā, “sine, chord, bowstring”) through the similar Sanskrit जीव (jīva, “sine, chord, life, existence”). Doublet of sinus. === Pronunciation === enPR: sīn, IPA(key): /saɪn/ Homophones: sign, syne Rhymes: -aɪn === Noun === sine (plural sines) (trigonometry, mathematics) In a right triangle, the ratio of the length of the side opposite an angle to the length of the hypotenuse. ==== Usage notes ==== In various branches of mathematics, the sine of an angle is determined in various ways, including the following: The y-coordinate of the point on the unit circle at the given anticlockwise angle from the positive x-axis. The sum of the real or complex power series ∑ n = 1 ∞ ( − 1 ) n − 1 ( 2 n − 1 ) ! x 2 n − 1 = x − 1 6 x 3 + 1 120 x 5 − 1 5040 x 7 + . . . {\displaystyle \sum _{n=1}^{\infty }{{(-1)^{n-1}} \over {(2n-1)!}}x^{2n-1}=x-{1 \over 6}x^{3}+{1 \over 120}x^{5}-{1 \over 5040}x^{7}+...} where x is in radians. ==== Synonyms ==== Symbol: sin ==== Coordinate terms ==== cosine cosecant cotangent secant tangent trigonometry ==== Derived terms ==== ==== Related terms ==== ==== Descendants ==== → Burmese: ဆိုင်း (hcuing:) (calque) → Japanese: サイン (sain) → Korean: 사인 (sain) → Manx: sheenys → Thai: ไซน์ (saai) ==== Translations ==== ==== See also ==== === Anagrams === EINs, NIEs, Nies, sein, sien, snie == Ainu == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /si.né/, [ʃi.né] === Numeral === sine (Kana spelling シネ) one == Cebuano == === Etymology === Borrowed from Spanish cine, from Clipping of Spanish cinema, a reduction of Spanish cinematógrafo, from French cinématographe. === Pronunciation === Hyphenation: si‧ne === Noun === sine film; movie 2011 — Tiu, Macario D., Ang Pangandoy ni Peryang (05 July), Bisag Unsa, Mindaviews, MindaNews (dated) cinema; movie theater ==== Derived terms ==== == Central Bikol == === Etymology === Borrowed from Spanish cine, from a clipping of Spanish cinema, a reduction of Spanish cinematógrafo, from French cinématographe. === Pronunciation === Hyphenation: si‧ne IPA(key): /ˈsine/ [ˈsi.n̪e] === Noun === síne cinema movie, show Synonyms: pelikula, pasali ==== Derived terms ==== == Cypriot Arabic == === Etymology === Inherited from Arabic سَنَة (sana), from Proto-Semitic *šanat-. === Noun === sine f (dual sintáyn, plural snin) year s-sine ― this year kulla s-sine ― during the entire year sine sintáyn ― a day or two aşka snin int? ― how old are you? === See also === === References === Borg, Alexander (2004), A Comparative Glossary of Cypriot Maronite Arabic (Arabic–English) (Handbook of Oriental Studies; I.70), Leiden and Boston: Brill, page 277 == Danish == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /siːnə/, [ˈsiːnə], [ˌsiːnə] === Pronoun === sine plural of sin ==== See also ==== == Finnish == === Etymology === sini +‎ -e === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈsineˣ/, [ˈs̠ine̞(ʔ)] Rhymes: -ine Syllabification(key): si‧ne Hyphenation(key): si‧ne === Noun === sine bluing (blue pigment used for coloring clothes when washing) blueprint (paper-based reproduction usually of a technical drawing) ==== Declension ==== === Anagrams === -isen, ensi, ensi-, ines, sein == Irish == === Etymology 1 === From Old Irish sine, siniu, comparative form of sen (“old”). ==== Pronunciation ==== (Munster, Connacht) IPA(key): /ˈʃinʲə/ (Ulster) IPA(key): /ˈʃinʲə/, /ˈʃin̠ʲə/ Homophone: sinne (one Ulster pronunciation) ==== Adjective ==== sine comparative degree of sean: older === Etymology 2 === From Old Irish sine (“teat, dug, pap”), from Proto-Celtic *sɸenyos, from Proto-Indo-European *pstḗn. Cognate with Old Norse speni (“teat”), English spean (“teat (of a cow)”). ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /ˈʃinʲə/ ==== Noun ==== sine f (genitive singular sine, nominative plural siní) nipple ===== Declension ===== ===== Derived terms ===== sine siain (“uvula”) ===== Descendants ===== →⇒ Yola: shinnocks ==== Further reading ==== Dinneen, Patrick S. (1927), “sine”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla [Irish and English Dictionary], 2nd edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 1030; reprinted with additions 1996, →ISBN Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977), “sine”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla [Irish–English Dictionary], Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN === Mutation === === References === == Latin == === Pronunciation === (Classical Latin) IPA(key): [ˈsɪ.nɛ] (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): [ˈsiː.ne] === Etymology 1 === The meaning "without" was previously expressed by sē, sēd (see sē-, sed), from Proto-Indo-European *swé (“self”), thus originally "by itself". Some still refer the si- in sine to this root; others refer it to Proto-Indo-European *só (“this”), whence si (“if”). And as sometimes nesi was also written, with -ne being nē (“not”), sine might literally mean "not this". Compare with nisi. Yet others refer sine to Proto-Indo-European *sen(H)i (“for oneself, without”), itself possibly related to *swé or more likely a locative of *senH-. Thus cognate with Ancient Greek ᾰ̓́νευ (ắneu), ἄτερ (áter, “without”), Sanskrit सनुतर् (sanutar, “away, off”), Old English sundor; compare especially Tocharian B snai and Old Irish sain (“separated, different”) (Proto-Celtic *sanis), which may reflect the original PIE adverb. The ablative is from a PIE ablative of separation or a comitative-instrumental analogous to cum. Compare Sanskrit विना (vinā). ==== Preposition ==== sine (+ ablative) without ===== Derived terms ===== ===== Descendants ===== Emilian: sänza Franco-Provençal: sen Friulian: cence Italian: senza Old Catalan: Catalan: sense, sens Old French: senz, sens, sans, san, saunce→ Middle English: saunz, sauns, sanz, sans, saunce, san, saun, sawnz, sauncz, sanceEnglish: sansScots: sans (obsolete)Middle French: sansFrench: sansNorman: sans (Jersey) Old Galician-Portuguese: senFala: sinGalician: senPortuguese: sem Old Spanish: sinLadino: sinSpanish: sin Sardinian: sine ==== References ==== “sine”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press Pokorny, Julius (1959), Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 907 === Etymology 2 === See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form. ==== Verb ==== sine second-person singular present active imperative of sinō == Middle Dutch == === Determiner === sine inflection of sijn: feminine nominative/accusative singular nominative/accusative plural == Middle English == === Etymology 1 === ==== Noun ==== sine (plural sines) alternative form of synne === Etymology 2 === ==== Noun ==== sine (plural sines) alternative form of sygne == Neapolitan == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈsinɛ/, /ˈsinɐ/ === Particle === sine yes == Norwegian Bokmål == === Etymology === From Old Norse sínir. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /siːne/ === Determiner === sine pl plural of sin === See also === === References === “sin” in The Bokmål Dictionary / The Nynorsk Dictionary. === Anagrams === isen, isne, neis, nise, sein, si-en, -isen, snei == Norwegian Nynorsk == === Etymology === From Old Norse sínir. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /²siːnə/ === Determiner === sine pl plural of sin === References === “sin” in The Nynorsk Dictionary. == Old English == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈsiː.ne/ Rhymes: -iː.ne === Pronoun === sīne inflection of sīn: accusative feminine singular instrumental masculine/neuter singular nominative/accusative masculine/feminine plural == Old French == === Noun === sine oblique singular, m (oblique plural sines, nominative singular sines, nominative plural sine) alternative form of cisne === Noun === sine oblique singular, m (oblique plural sines, nominative singular sines, nominative plural sine) alternative form of signe == Old Irish == === Etymology === From Proto-Celtic *sɸenyos, itself from Proto-Indo-European *pstḗn. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈsʲi.nʲe/ === Noun === sine m nipple, teat ==== Inflection ==== Usual declension: A variant dental-stem declension can also be found. ==== Descendants ==== Irish: sine Manx: sheeiney Scottish Gaelic: sine ⇒ Middle Irish: triphne (“having three teats”) === Mutation === === Further reading === Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “sine”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language == Pali == === Alternative forms === === Verb === sine optative active third-person singular of sinoti (“to bind”) == Polish == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈɕi.nɛ/ Rhymes: -inɛ Syllabification: si‧ne === Adjective === sine inflection of siny: neuter nominative/accusative/vocative singular nonvirile nominative/accusative/vocative plural == Romanian == === Etymology === Inherited from Latin sē, as with mine, tine. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈsi.ne/ Rhymes: -ine === Pronoun === sine (stressed reflexive-accusative form of el, ea, ei, and ele) (direct object, preceded by preposition, such as "pe", "cu", "la", or "pentru") himself, herself, itself, themselves Synonym: (unstressed form) se == Scottish Gaelic == === Pronunciation === (Lewis, Harris, Skye, Ross-shire) IPA(key): /ˈʃinə/ (Uist, Barra, Lochaber, Argyll) IPA(key): /ˈʃiɲə/ (Eastern Highlands) IPA(key): /ʃin/ === Etymology 1 === From Old Irish sine (“teat, dug, pap”), from Proto-Celtic *sɸenyos, from Proto-Indo-European *pstḗn. Cognate with Old Norse speni (“teat”), English spean (“teat (of a cow)”). ==== Noun ==== sine f (genitive singular sine, plural sinean) (anatomy) nipple, teat Synonym: ballan (dialectal) === Etymology 2 === Borrowed from English gin. ==== Noun ==== sine f gin (drink) === Etymology 3 === From Old Irish sine (“old age, seniority, antiquity”), from sen (“old”). ==== Noun ==== sine f oldness old age === Etymology 4 === See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form. ==== Adjective ==== sine comparative degree of sean (“old”) === Mutation === === Further reading === Edward Dwelly (1911), “sine”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary], 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 sine”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “2 sine”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “3 sine”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language Cathair Ó Dochartaigh, editor (1994), Survey of the Gaelic Dialects of Scotland, volume V, Dublin: Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, pages 142-143 == Serbo-Croatian == === Etymology 1 === ==== Noun ==== sine (Cyrillic spelling сине) vocative singular of sin === Etymology 2 === ==== Noun ==== sine (Cyrillic spelling сине) inflection of sina: genitive singular nominative/accusative/vocative plural == Tagalog == === Alternative forms === cine === Etymology === Borrowed from Spanish cine, from a clipping of cinema, a reduction of cinematógrafo, from French cinématographe. === Pronunciation === (Standard Tagalog) IPA(key): /ˈsine/ [ˈsiː.n̪ɛ] Rhymes: -ine Syllabification: si‧ne === Noun === sine (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜒᜈᜒ) film; movie Synonyms: pelikula, puting-tabing (dated) cinema; movie theater Synonym: sinehan ==== Derived terms ==== sinehan ==== Related terms ==== === Further reading === “sine”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, 2018 == Turkish == === Etymology === From Ottoman Turkish سینه (sîne), from Persian سینه (sîne). === Pronunciation === IPA(key): [siːˈne] === Noun === sine (definite accusative sineyi, plural sineler) (poetic, archaic) bosom, chest (figuratively) heart, inner feelings, conscience ==== Declension ==== ==== Derived terms ==== sineye çekmek – to endure silently, to accept without protest