schon

== German == === Etymology 1 === From Middle High German schōne (“beautifully; appropriately; completely”), from Old High German scōno (“beautifully”), adverb of scōni, whence German schön (“beautiful”). For sense development from "beautiful" to "indeed, surely; already" compare English pretty. ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /ʃoːn/ (standard) IPA(key): /ʃɔn/ (alternatively in central and southern Germany and in Austria) Rhymes: -oːn, -ɔn ==== Adverb ==== schon already (happening rather early, continuing rather long) previously, before (at some time in the past; but not: before a certain event) expresses that an action has been completed; already (but more frequent); yet (in questions) (modal particle) expresses a weighing of arguments, contrast between two statements, partial agreement, concession; admittedly; sure(ly); definitely; indeed Used to add positive emphasis to a verb (which is frequently omitted), often when something else is negated. Compare si/sí/sì/sim in the Romance languages and wel in Dutch and Afrikaans. Antonym: nicht really (as an intensifier) Das ist schon etwas merkwürdig. ― That’s really a little strange. ===== Usage notes ===== In order to emphasize schon in the sense of “already”, another fitting adverb of time is usually added: “Are you done already?” → Bist du jetzt schon fertig? Stressing schon itself is also possible but less common. In the sense "admittedly, indeed", however, schon is commonly stressed. ===== Synonyms ===== (already, yet): bereits (admittedly, surely): doch, ja, jawohl, wirklich ===== Antonyms ===== (antonym(s) of “already”): erst ===== Derived terms ===== schon mal === Etymology 2 === ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /ʃoːn/ Rhymes: -oːn ==== Verb ==== schon singular imperative of schonen (colloquial) first-person singular present of schonen === References === === Further reading === “schon” in Duden online “schon”, in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache‎[3] (in German) == Middle English == === Etymology 1 === From Old English sċōġan, sċeōġan, sċōġean, sċōan, from Proto-West Germanic *skōhōn, *skōgōn, from Proto-Germanic *skōhōną, *skōgōną. Equivalent to scho (“shoe”) +‎ -en (infinitival suffix). ==== Alternative forms ==== scho, schoen, schoo, schoyn, sho, shoen, shoiȝen, shon, shoo ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /ʃoːn/, /ˈʃoːən/ Rhymes: -oːn ==== Verb ==== schon (third-person singular simple present schoeth, present participle schoynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle schodde) To shoe; to put shoes on one's feet. To put horseshoes on a horse's hooves. To cover up; to clothe or conceal. ===== Conjugation ===== ===== Descendants ===== English: shoe Scots: shae Yola: shad (preterite) ===== References ===== “shọ̄n, v.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 8 May 2018. === Etymology 2 === From Old English scōn, scōum (“shoes”, dative plural) and scōna (“shoes'”, genitive plural), perhaps motivated by the analogy of other monosyllabic nouns ending in a vowel which etymologically take plurals in -en such as be (“bee”), do (“doe”), fo (“foe, enemy”), ro (“roe”), slo (“sloe”) and to (“toe”); thus equivalent to scho +‎ -en (plural suffix). Compare what may be the same analogy in fle (“flea”), kne (“knee”), and tre (“tree”), although other explanations are possible: fle could be remodelled on flye (“fly”), while kne, tre might be influenced by plural forms of the variants knew and trew, where -en would be expected (as a development from Old English cnēowu, trēowu with the opaque plural ending -e < -u replaced by more transparent -en, as seen in early cneowen, treowen). ==== Alternative forms ==== shon ==== Noun ==== schon plural of scho (“shoe”) Synonym: schos ===== Descendants ===== English: shoon (obsolete) Scots: shuin Yola: shoone, shoon