saffron

== English == === Etymology === Inherited from Middle English saffron, borrowed from Old French safran, borrowed from Medieval Latin safranum, borrowed from Arabic زَعْفَرَان (zaʕfarān), from Aramaic צפר. === Pronunciation === (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ˈsæfɹən/, /ˈsæfɹɒn/ (General American) IPA(key): /ˈsæfɹən/, /ˈsæfɹɑn/ IPA(key): (obsolete) /ˈsæfəɹn/ Rhymes: -æfɹən === Noun === saffron (countable and uncountable, plural saffrons) A plant of species Crocus sativus, a crocus. 2009, D. H. Sanaeinejad, S. N. Hosseini, Regression Models for Saffron Yields in Iran, Daoliang Li, Chunjiang Zhao (editors), Computer and Computing Technologies in Agriculture II, Volume 1, page 510, Usually the maximum temperature for October, November and December in the southern parts of Khorassan–the main saffron growing area of the Iran-does not exceed 20°C, while the minimum temperature reaches 0°C. A spice (seasoning) and colouring agent made from the stigma and part of the style of the plant, sometimes or formerly also used as a dye and insect repellent. Synonym: kesar 1658, Thomas Muffet, The Theatre of Insects, [1634, Insectorum sive Minimorum Animalium Theatrum], quoted in 2008, Anna Suranyi, The Genius of the English Nation: Travel Writing and National Identity in Early Modern England, page 117-118, The Irish and Ireland people (who are frequently troubled with lice, and such as will fly, as they say, in summer) anoint their shirts with saffron, and to very good purpose, to drive away the lice, but after six months they wash their shirts again, putting fresh saffron into the lye. An orange-yellow colour, the colour of a lion's pelt. Synonym: saffron yellow ==== Derived terms ==== ==== Related terms ==== ==== Descendants ==== → Japanese: サフラン (safuran) → Korean: 사프란 (sapeuran) ==== Translations ==== === Adjective === saffron Having an orange-yellow colour. 1624, Thomas Heywood, Gynaikeion: or, Nine Bookes of Various History. Concerninge women inscribed by the names of the nine Muses, London, Book 3, “A Funerall Oade vpon the death of Anna Panareta” p. 123,[5] Now Hymen change thy saffron weedes To roabe and habit sable: For ioyfull thoughts, vse funerall deedes Since nothing’s firme or stable; 1794, Ann Radcliffe, The Mysteries of Udolpho, London: G.G. & J. Robinson, Volume 1, Chapter 9, p. 256,[6] The sun was now set; but, under the dark branches of the almond trees, was seen the saffron glow of the west, spreading beyond the twilight of middle air. (Indian politics) Associated with Hinduism, Hindus or Hindu nationalism. ==== Translations ==== === Verb === saffron (third-person singular simple present saffrons, present participle saffroning, simple past and past participle saffroned) To add saffron to (a food), for taste, colour etc. To give a saffron colour to (something). To dye (a fabric, garment, etc.) with a saffron-based dye. 1638, uncredited translator, Historie Naturall and Experimentall, of Life and Death by Francis Bacon, London: William Lee and Humphrey Mosley, p. 244,[17] The same Irish, use to weare Saffroned Linnen, and Shirts; Which though it were, at first, devised to prevent Vermine, yet, howsoever, I take it, to be very usefull for Lengthening of Life […] To colour (a metal or wooden surface) with a gilding product containing saffron. Or warts, or wheales, it hangs upon her skinne. (figuratively) To embellish. ==== Translations ==== === See also === autumn crocus crocein crocoite crocus curcuma kumkum colchicum crocus bag crocus sack turmeric Appendix:Colors === References === === Further reading === Crocus sativus on Wikipedia.Wikipedia Crocus sativus on Wikispecies.Wikispecies Category:Crocus sativus on Wikimedia Commons.Wikimedia Commons == Middle English == === Alternative forms === saffroun, safroun, safferon, safryn, saffryn, safran, safron, safurroun, saferowne, saffren, safur, safer, saffyron, saffran, saferon, saffrin, safroune === Etymology === c. 1200, borrowed from Old French safran, from Medieval Latin safranum, from Arabic زَعْفَرَان (zaʕfarān); as a colour adjective from the late 14th century. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈsafrɔn/, /ˈsafruːn/, /ˈsafrən/ === Noun === saffron (uncountable) saffron (the plant Crocus sativus) saffron (yellow powder used in cooking, pharmaceuticals, and dyes) c. 1430 (reprinted 1888), Thomas Austin, ed., Two Fifteenth-century Cookery-books. Harleian ms. 279 (ab. 1430), & Harl. ms. 4016 (ab. 1450), with Extracts from Ashmole ms. 1429, Laud ms. 553, & Douce ms. 55 [Early English Text Society, Original Series; 91], London: N. Trübner & Co. for the Early English Text Society, volume I, OCLC 374760, page 11: saffron (the colour of the powder) ==== Descendants ==== English: saffron→ Japanese: サフラン (safuran)→ Korean: 사프란 (sapeuran) Scots: sefron ==== References ==== “saf(f)rǒun, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 24 July 2018. === Adjective === saffron Yellow; the colour of saffron. (rare) Resembling saffron in taste. ==== Descendants ==== English: saffron Scots: sefron ==== References ==== “saffrǒun, adj.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 24 July 2018.