rust

== English == === Pronunciation === enPR: rŭst (Received Pronunciation, US) IPA(key): /ɹʌst/ (Northern England) IPA(key): /ɹʊst/ (Scotland, Wales) IPA(key): /ɾʌst/ Rhymes: -ʌst === Etymology 1 === From Middle English rust, rost, roust, from Old English rust, rūst (“rust”), from Proto-West Germanic *rust, from Proto-Germanic *rustaz (“rust”), from Proto-Indo-European *rudʰso- (“red”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewdʰ- (“red”). Cognate with Scots roust (“rust”), Saterland Frisian rust (“rust”), West Frisian roast (“rust”), Dutch roest (“rust”), German Rost (“rust”), Danish rust (“rust”), Swedish rost (“rust”), Norwegian rust, ryst (“rust”), Finnish ruoste, Estonian rooste. Related to red. ==== Noun ==== rust (countable and uncountable, plural rusts) The deteriorated state of iron or steel as a result of moisture and oxidation; it consists mostly of iron(III) oxide (ferric oxide) and iron(II) oxide (ferrous oxide). A similar substance based on another metal. copper rust A reddish-brown color. A disease of plants caused by a reddish-brown fungus (Pucciniales). (philately) Damage caused to stamps and album pages by a fungal infection. ===== Derived terms ===== ===== Translations ===== ==== See also ==== === Etymology 2 === From Middle English rusten, from the noun (see above). ==== Verb ==== rust (third-person singular simple present rusts, present participle rusting, simple past and past participle rusted) (intransitive) To oxidize, especially of iron or steel. 1946, International Council of Religious Education, The New Covenant, Commonly Called the New Testament of Our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ: Revised Standard Version, James 5:3, page 490 Your gold and silver have rusted, and their rust will be evidence against you and will eat your flesh like fire. (transitive) To cause to oxidize. (intransitive) To be affected with the parasitic fungus called rust. (ambitransitive, figuratively) To (cause to) degenerate in idleness; to make or become dull or impaired by inaction. (intransitive) Of a black cat or its fur, to turn rust-coloured following long periods of exposure to sunlight. ===== Synonyms ===== oxidise / oxidize corrode ===== Derived terms ===== ===== Translations ===== ===== See also ===== === References === “rust”, in OneLook Dictionary Search. === Anagrams === ruts, TRUS, turs, RTUs, UTRs, Turs, URTs, stur == Danish == === Etymology === From Old Swedish rost (“rust”), from Old Norse *rustr, possibly borrowed from Old Saxon rost, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *rustaz. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /rost/, [ʁɔsd̥] === Noun === rust c (singular definite rusten, not used in plural form) rust corrosion ==== Declension ==== ==== Derived terms ==== rustfarvet rustskade rustplet === Verb === rust imperative of ruste === References === “rust” in Den Danske Ordbog == Dutch == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /rʏst/ Hyphenation: rust Rhymes: -ʏst === Etymology 1 === From Middle Dutch ruste, from Old Dutch *rusta, from Proto-Germanic *rustijō. Cognate with English rest, German Low German Rüst (“rest”), German Rüste (“end, sunset”). ==== Noun ==== rust f (plural rusten, no diminutive) rest, calm, peace (sports) half-time ===== Derived terms ===== gemoedsrust rusteloos rustgevend rustig rusttoestand ===== Descendants ===== Afrikaans: rus Negerhollands: rust, res === Etymology 2 === See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form. ==== Verb ==== rust inflection of rusten: first/second/third-person singular present indicative imperative === Further reading === “rust” in Woordenlijst Nederlandse Taal – Officiële Spelling, Nederlandse Taalunie. [the official spelling word list for the Dutch language] == Middle English == === Etymology 1 === From Old English rust, rūst, from Proto-West Germanic *rust, *rost, from Proto-Germanic *rustaz. ==== Alternative forms ==== rost, roste, roust, rouste, ruste ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /rust/ IPA(key): (rare) /ruːst/ ==== Noun ==== rust (uncountable) rust (oxidisation of iron or steel) (figurative) Moral degeneration. (horticulture) A fungal disease of plants. ===== Related terms ===== rusten rusty ===== Descendants ===== English: rust Scots: roost, roust ===== References ===== “rū̆st, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007. === Etymology 2 === ==== Verb ==== rust alternative form of rusten == Norwegian Bokmål == === Noun === rust m or f (definite singular rusta or rusten) (uncountable) rust (oxidation of iron and steel) rust (disease affecting plants) ==== Derived terms ==== rustrød === Verb === rust imperative of ruste == Norwegian Nynorsk == === Etymology 1 === From Proto-Germanic *rustaz. ==== Alternative forms ==== røst (Trøndelag dialect) ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /rʉst/ ==== Noun ==== rust f (definite singular rusta) (uncountable) rust (oxidation, as above) rust (plant disease) ==== Verb ==== rust imperative of rusta === Etymology 2 === ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /rʉːst/ ==== Verb ==== rust past participle of rusa === References === “rust” in The Nynorsk Dictionary. == Old English == === Etymology === From Proto-West Germanic *rust, from Proto-Germanic *rustaz (“rust”), from Proto-Indo-European *rudʰso- (“red”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewdʰ- (“red”). === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /rust/ === Noun === rust m rust ==== Derived terms ==== rustiġ ==== Descendants ==== English: rust