ruse

== English == === Etymology === From Middle English rūse (“evasive movements of a pursued animal; circuitous course taken by a hunter to pursue a game animal”), from Old French rëuse, ruse (“evasive movements of a pursued animal; trickery”) (modern French ruse (“trick, ruse; cunning, guile”)), from ruser (“to use cunning, to be crafty, beguile”), possibly from Latin rursus (“backward; on the contrary; again, in return”) or Latin recūsāre, from recūsō (“to decline, refuse; to object to, protest, reject”). Doublet of recuse and rouse in the latter case. The verb is derived from the noun. Compare Middle French ruser (“to use cunning, to be crafty, beguile”); see further above. === Pronunciation === enPR: ro͞oz (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ɹuːz/ (Standard Southern British) IPA(key): /ɹʉwz/ (US) IPA(key): /ɹuz/ (Australia, New Zealand) IPA(key): /ɹʉːz/ (Wales) IPA(key): /ɾɪu̯z/ (Scotland) IPA(key): /ɾʉz/, [ɾʉːz] (Northern Ireland) IPA(key): /ɻʉz/ Rhymes: -uːz Homophones: roos, rues === Noun === ruse (countable and uncountable, plural ruses) (countable, often hunting, archaic, rare) A turning or doubling back, especially of animals to get out of the way of hunting dogs. (countable, by extension) An action intended to deceive; a trick. Near-synonyms: ploy, stratagem, artifice (uncountable) Cunning, guile, trickery. ==== Related terms ==== ruse de guerre recuse ==== Translations ==== === Verb === ruse (third-person singular simple present ruses, present participle rusing, simple past and past participle rused) (intransitive) To deceive or trick using a ruse. (intransitive, hunting, archaic, rare) Of an animal: to turn or double back to elude hunters or their hunting dogs. (Can we clean up(+) this sense? (wrong language: by date, this is Middle English (enm) and not English (en). WP notes: "The text was presented for the first time ... in modern English", which is translation and not edition and yields another year)) ==== Translations ==== === References === === Anagrams === U.S.-er, US'er, rues, useR, sure, U.S.er, user, Ersu, Rues, U.S.'er, Reus, suer, ures, US-er, ERUs == Danish == === Etymology 1 === From Middle Danish ruse, ultimately from the same root as rør (“pipe, reed”), from which the rushes were braided. Also related to German Reuse (“fish-trap”). === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ruːsə/, [ˈʁoːsə] === Noun === ruse c (singular definite rusen, plural indefinite ruser) fish-trap ==== Declension ==== === Etymology 2 === Perhaps from Middle Low German rusen. Compare Swedish rusa, German rauschen. === Verb === ruse (imperative rus, infinitive at ruse, present tense ruser, past tense rusede, perfect tense ruset) (archaic) to rush, hurry ==== Conjugation ==== === Etymology 3 === From rus +‎ -e. ==== Verb ==== ruse (imperative rus, infinitive at ruse, present tense ruser, past tense rusede, perfect tense ruset) (also reflexive, dated) to intoxicate or get intoxicated (used both with alcohol and illegal drugs) Synonym: beruse ==== Conjugation ==== ==== Derived terms ==== afruse beruse === References === “ruse” in Den Danske Ordbog “ruse” in Ordbog over det danske Sprog == Esperanto == === Etymology === rusa (“Russian”) +‎ -e (adverbial suffix). === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈruse/ Rhymes: -use Syllabification: ru‧se === Adverb === ruse in the Russian language in the manner of a Russian person ==== Related terms ==== rusa (“Russian”) Rusio (“Russia”) ruso (“a Russian person”) === Further reading === “ruse”, in Plena Ilustrita Vortaro de Esperanto [Complete Illustrated Dictionary of Esperanto], 2020, →ISBN == French == === Etymology === From ruser. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ʁyz/ === Noun === ruse f (plural ruses) (uncountable) cunning, guile ruse, trick ==== Derived terms ==== ruse de Sioux === Further reading === “ruse”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012 === Anagrams === rues, suer, sure, sûre, user == Middle Dutch == === Etymology === (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.) === Noun === ruse m Russian ==== Inflection ==== This noun needs an inflection-table template. ==== Derived terms ==== rusch ==== Further reading ==== Verwijs, E.; Verdam, J. (1885–1929), “rusch (III)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page rusch Verwijs, E.; Verdam, J. (1885–1929), “ruse (IV)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page ruse == Middle English == === Etymology 1 === borrowed from Anglo-Norman reuse, ruse; compare rusen. ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /ˈriu̯z(ə)/ ==== Noun ==== ruse (rare, Late Middle English) The evasive movements of a pursued animal. A circuitous course taken by a hunter to pursue a game animal. ===== Descendants ===== English: ruse ===== References ===== “rūse, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007. === Etymology 2 === ==== Verb ==== ruse (Northern) alternative form of rosen (“to boast”) === Etymology 3 === ==== Verb ==== ruse alternative form of rusen == Norwegian Bokmål == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈrʉːsə/ === Etymology 1 === Possibly from a Celtic word, from Gaulish rusca, from Proto-Celtic *rūskos (“bark”), possibly from earlier *rukskos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃rewk- (“to dig, till (soil)”), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *h₃er- (“to move, stir, rise, quarrel”) or *Hrew- (“to tear out, dig out, open, acquire”). Cognate with Danish ruse (“fish trap”), Swedish ryssja (“fish trap”) and German Reuse (“fish trap”). ==== Noun ==== ruse f or m (definite singular rusa or rusen, indefinite plural ruser, definite plural rusene) fish trap === Etymology 2 === (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.) ==== Verb ==== ruse (imperative rus, present tense ruser, passive ruses, simple past rusa or ruset or ruste, past participle rusa or ruset or rust, present participle rusende) to rev an engine to rush === Etymology 3 === (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.) ==== Verb ==== ruse (imperative rus, present tense ruser, passive ruses, simple past and past participle rusa or ruset, present participle rusende) (reflexive) To use illegal drugs to intoxicate === References === “ruse” in The Bokmål Dictionary. == Norwegian Nynorsk == === Verb === ruse alternative form of rusa == Old French == === Etymology === Probably based on Latin rursus (“backwards”) === Noun === ruse oblique singular, f (oblique plural ruses, nominative singular ruse, nominative plural ruses) evasive movements of a pursued animal (by extension) trickery (by extension) dream; daydream; fantasy (by extension) lie; untruth ==== Descendants ==== → English: ruse French: ruse === Further reading === James A. H. Murray et al., editors (1884–1928), “Ruse”, in A New English Dictionary on Historical Principles (Oxford English Dictionary), London: Clarendon Press, →OCLC. == Polish == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈru.sɛ/ Rhymes: -usɛ Syllabification: ru‧se === Adjective === ruse inflection of rusy: neuter nominative/accusative/vocative singular nonvirile nominative/accusative/vocative plural == Romanian == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈruse/ === Adjective === ruse f pl or n pl feminine/neuter plural of rus