runa

== Catalan == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): (Northern, Balearic, Central) [ˈru.nə] IPA(key): (Valencia, Northwestern) [ˈru.na] === Etymology 1 === ==== Noun ==== runa f (plural runes) rune ===== Related terms ===== rúnic === Etymology 2 === Contraction of ruïna. ==== Noun ==== runa f (plural runes) ruin Synonym: ruïna debris, rubble Synonym: enderroc ===== Derived terms ===== enrunar runam === Further reading === “runa”, in Diccionari de la llengua catalana [Dictionary of the Catalan Language] (in Catalan), second edition, Institute of Catalan Studies [Catalan: Institut d'Estudis Catalans], April 2007 “runa”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2026 “runa” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua. Alcover, Antoni Maria; Moll, Francesc de Borja (1963), “runa”, in Diccionari català-valencià-balear (in Catalan) == Central Bikol == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ɾuˈnaʔ/ [ɾuˈn̪aʔ] Hyphenation: ru‧na === Noun === runâ (Basahan spelling ᜍᜓᜈ) alternative spelling of rona == Czech == === Etymology === Borrowed from Swedish runa. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): [ˈruna] === Noun === runa f rune ==== Declension ==== === Further reading === “runa”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957 “runa”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989 “runa”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech), 2008–2026 == Gothic == === Romanization === rūna romanization of 𐍂𐌿𐌽𐌰 == Icelandic == === Etymology === From Old Norse runa. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈrʏːna/ Rhymes: -ʏːna === Noun === runa f (genitive singular runu, nominative plural runur) row, sequence Synonym: röð string of letters or names, enumeration Synonyms: romsa, þula, upptalning rigmarole Synonyms: romsa, langloka (mathematics) series, sequence ==== Declension ==== === Anagrams === raun == Italian == === Etymology === From Latin rūna. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈru.na/ Rhymes: -una Hyphenation: rù‧na === Noun === runa f (plural rune) rune ==== Related terms ==== runico === Anagrams === urna == Latin == === Etymology === (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.) === Noun === rūna f (genitive rūnae); first declension dart or javelin rune ==== Declension ==== First-declension noun. === References === “runa”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press "runa", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887) “runa”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette. == Latvian == === Etymology === From Proto-Indo-European *reu-, *ru-, imitative of speech sounds (from which also Latvian rūkt (“to roar, growl, snarl”), Russian рычать (ryčatʹ, “to roar, growl, snarl”)) with a suffix *-nā. Cognates include Old Irish run, Gothic 𐍂𐌿𐌽𐌰 (rūna, “secret, mystery”) (i.e., that which is said as a secret), Old English rūn, Old Saxon rūna, Middle Low German rūne (“mysterious whisper; runic character”), Old Norse rýna (“to talk secretly”), Old English rūnian (“to whisper; to plot, conspire”), Old High German rūnēn, German raunen (“to whisper”). Latvian runa probably also meant originally “solemn speech” (maybe “mystic ritual”?); still in the 17-19th centuries it was often used to indicate some special kind of communication (e.g., runas dot “to give advice”, lit. “to give talk”, or runas diena “council meeting”, lit. “talking day”). === Pronunciation === === Noun === runa f (4th declension) speech, speaking, talking (articulated production of language) runas spēja, iemaņas, traucējumi ― speech ability, skills, disorders runas orgāni, aparāts ― speech organs, apparatus iekšēja runa ― internal speech, internal monologue ātra runa ― fast speech; a quick question izteiksmīga runa ― expressive speech runas veids ― way, style of speaking bērnu runa ― children's talk talk, words (what is said by someone) par ko ir runa? — what (are you) talking about? par to nevar būt ne runas ― about that there can be no talk, it is out of the question ticēt glaimu runām ― to believe flattering words runas apklusa ― the talking (= people) became silent speech (a spoken text, often delivered in public) runas māksla ― the art of speech, oratory oratora runa ― the speaker's talk apsveikuma runa ― welcome speech teikt runu, uzstāties ar runu ― to deliver a speech publiskā runa ― public speech galda runa ― table, banquet speech, after-dinner speech (grammar) speech (direct or indirect presentation of someone's words) tiešā, netiešā runa ― direct, indirect speech (chiefly in the plural) rumor, gossip, idle talk tukšas runas ― empty rumors kaimiņu runas ― neighbors' talk zināt no ļaužu runām ― to know from people's talk, by hearsay neklausīties ļaužu runās ― don't listen to people's talk ==== Declension ==== ==== Derived terms ==== === References === == Māori == === Etymology === Cognate with Tahitian nuna “amalgamation” and nunā “people, nation”. (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.) === Verb === runa to tie up, to draw together to secure to keep close, to gather to assemble ==== Derived terms ==== === References === === Further reading === Williams, Herbert William (1917), “runa”, in A Dictionary of the Maori Language, page 410 John C. Moorfield (2011), “runa”, in Te Aka: Māori–English, English–Māori Dictionary and Index, 3rd edition, Longman/Pearson Education New Zealand, →ISBN == Mapudungun == === Noun === runa (Raguileo spelling) a handful === References === Wixaleyiñ: Mapucezugun-wigkazugun pici hemvlcijka (Wixaleyiñ: Small Mapudungun-Spanish dictionary), Beretta, Marta; Cañumil, Dario; Cañumil, Tulio, 2008. == Old English == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈruːnɑ/ === Noun === rūna f nominative plural of rūn accusative plural of rūn == Old Saxon == === Etymology === From Proto-West Germanic *rūnu. Cognate with the Old English rūn, Old High German rūna (German Raun), Old Norse rún, and Gothic 𐍂𐌿𐌽𐌰 (runa). === Noun === rūna f mystery, secret rune ==== Declension ==== == Old Swedish == === Alternative forms === rūn === Etymology === From Old Norse rún, from Proto-Norse ᚱᚢᚾᛟ (runo, acc. sing.), from Proto-Germanic *rūnō, whence also Old English rūn (“secret, runic letter”), Old Saxon rūna (Middle Low German rūne (“whisper”)), Middle High German rūne (“whisper”), Gothic 𐍂𐌿𐌽𐌰 (rūna, “secret”). Or from the Proto-Indo-European *rewH- (“dig”, a root). Compare German Rune. === Noun === rūna f secret rune ==== Declension ==== ==== Derived terms ==== runo- runosten ==== Descendants ==== Swedish: runa == Polish == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈru.na/ Rhymes: -una Syllabification: ru‧na === Etymology 1 === Derived from Old Norse rún. ==== Noun ==== runa f (related adjective runiczny or runicki or runowy or runiany) (chiefly in the plural, historical) rune (letter, or character, used in the written language of various ancient Germanic peoples, especially the Scandinavians and the Anglo-Saxons) (chiefly in the plural, poetry) rune (Finnic or Scandinavian epic poem, or a division of one, especially a division of the Kalevala) ===== Declension ===== ===== Related terms ===== === Etymology 2 === See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form. ==== Noun ==== runa n inflection of runo: genitive singular nominative/accusative/vocative plural === Further reading === “runy”, in Polish dictionaries at PWN‎[3] (in Polish) runy in PWN's encyclopedia === Anagrams === urna == Portuguese == === Etymology === Borrowed from French rune, from Old Norse rún, rúnar (“secret, rune”), from Proto-Germanic *rūnō. === Pronunciation === Hyphenation: ru‧na === Noun === runa f (plural runas) rune ==== Related terms ==== rúnico === References === === Further reading === “runa”, in Dicionário Aulete Digital (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon Editora Digital, 2008–2026 == Quechua == === Noun === runa man person, human being ==== Declension ==== ==== Descendants ==== → Spanish: runa == Serbo-Croatian == === Etymology 1 === ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /rûːna/ Hyphenation: ru‧na ==== Noun ==== rȗna f (Cyrillic spelling ру̑на) rune ===== Declension ===== === Etymology 2 === See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form. ==== Noun ==== runa (Cyrillic spelling руна) genitive singular of runo === References === “runa”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2026 == Slovak == === Etymology === Derived from Old Norse rún, rúnar (“secret, rune”), from Proto-Norse ᚱᚢᚾᛟ (runo, acc. sing.), from Proto-Germanic *rūnō. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /runa/, [ˈruna] Rhymes: -una Hyphenation: ru‧na === Noun === runa f (relational adjective runový) rune ==== Declension ==== === Further reading === “runa”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2026 == Spanish == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈruna/ [ˈru.na] Rhymes: -una Syllabification: ru‧na === Etymology 1 === Borrowed from Old Norse rún, rúnar (“secret, rune”), from Proto-Germanic *rūnō. ==== Noun ==== runa f (plural runas) rune ===== Derived terms ===== === Etymology 2 === Borrowed from Quechua runa (“man”). ==== Noun ==== runa m (plural runas) (colloquial, in Quechua communities) man === Etymology 3 === ==== Adjective ==== runa feminine singular of runo === Further reading === “runa”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8.1, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 15 December 2025 == Swedish == === Etymology === From Old Swedish rūna, rūn, from Old Norse rún, from Proto-Norse ᚱᚢᚾᛟ (runo, acc. sing.), from Proto-Germanic *rūnō. === Noun === runa c a rune ((representation of a) letter of the runic alphabet) (often in compounds) an obituary (brief biography of a recently deceased person, usually written by a journalist and published in a newspaper) a rune (Finnic epic poem) ==== Declension ==== ==== Derived terms ==== === References === “runa”, in Svensk ordbok [Dictionary of Swedish] (in Swedish) “runa”, in Svenska Akademiens ordlista [Wordlist of the Swedish Academy] (in Swedish) “runa”, in Svenska Akademiens ordbok [Dictionary of the Swedish Academy] (in Swedish) === Anagrams === uran, urna