ruff

== English == === Pronunciation === (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ɹʌf/ (General American) IPA(key): /ɹəf/ (Australian, New Zealand) IPA(key): /ɹɐf/ (Northern England) IPA(key): /ɹʊf/ (Scotland, Wales) IPA(key): /ɾʌf/ Rhymes: -ʌf Homophones: rough, ruffe === Etymology 1 === Clipping of ruffle, or possibly from rough. ==== Noun ==== ruff (plural ruffs) A circular frill or ruffle on a garment, especially a starched, fluted frill at the neck in Elizabethan and Jacobean England (1560s–1620s). Anything formed with plaits or flutings like a frill. Senses relating to animals. A gregarious, medium-sized wading bird of species Calidris pugnax (syn. Philomachus pugnax), of Eurasia; specifically, a male of the species which develops a distinctive ruff of feathers and ear tufts during mating season (the female is called a reeve). (ornithology) A set of lengthened or otherwise modified feathers on or around the neck of a bird. (zoology) A collar of lengthened or distinctively coloured fur on or around the neck of an animal. (engineering) A collar on a shaft or other piece to prevent endwise motion. (obsolete) An exhibition of haughtiness or pride. (obsolete) Tumultuous or wanton conduct or procedure. ===== Derived terms ===== ===== Translations ===== ==== Verb ==== ruff (third-person singular simple present ruffs, present participle ruffing, simple past and past participle ruffed) (transitive) To shape (fabric, etc.) into a ruff; to adorn (a garment, etc.) with a ruff. (transitive, falconry) Of a falcon, hawk, etc.: to hit (the prey) without fixing or grabbing hold of it. (rare, transitive) To ruffle; to disorder. (obsolete, transitive) Of a bird: to ruffle its feathers. (obsolete, transitive) To boast, to brag. (obsolete, intransitive) To speak in a loud and domineering manner; to bluster, to swagger. ===== Derived terms ===== ===== Translations ===== === Etymology 2 === Possibly from rough. ==== Noun ==== ruff (plural ruffs) Alternative spelling of ruffe: a small freshwater fish of the genus Gymnocephalus; specifically a Eurasian ruffe (Gymnocephalus cernua or Gymnocephalus cernuus) which has spiny fins; the pope. A fish of species Arripis georgianus, found in cool waters off the southern coast of Australia Synonyms: Australian herring, tommy ruff (obsolete) A bottom-dwelling carnivorous fish of the family Sparidae found in temperate and tropical waters; a porgy or sea bream. ===== Synonyms ===== (Australian herring (Arripis georgianus)): roughy ===== Derived terms ===== sea-ruff ===== Translations ===== === Etymology 3 === From Old French roffle, rouffle (earlier romfle, ronfle), or from Italian ronfa (“card game similar to whist”); these words are possibly from Old French triomphe (“a triumph, victory”), Italian trionfo (“triumph; trump card”), from Latin triumphus (“hymn to Bacchus; celebration, triumph”), ultimately from Ancient Greek θρῐ́ᾰμβος (thrĭ́ămbos, “hymn to Dionysius, thriambus”). The verb is derived from the noun. Doublet of trump. ==== Verb ==== ruff (third-person singular simple present ruffs, present participle ruffing, simple past and past participle ruffed) (card games) (ambitransitive) To play a trump card to a trick when unable to follow suit (that is, when unable to play a card of the same suit as the previous or leading card). [late 16th c.] (transitive) Especially in the form ruff out: to defeat (a card, etc.) by ruffing, thus establishing the master card in the suit led. ===== Synonyms ===== trump ===== Derived terms ===== ===== Translations ===== ==== Noun ==== ruff (plural ruffs) (card games) An instance of ruffing, or an opportunity to ruff, when unable to follow suit. [late 16th c.] (obsolete) A game similar to whist and its predecessor. [late 16th c.] ===== Derived terms ===== ===== Translations ===== === Etymology 4 === Onomatopoeic. ==== Noun ==== ruff (plural ruffs) (music, often military) A low, vibrating beat of a drum, quieter than a roll; a ruffle. ==== Verb ==== ruff (third-person singular simple present ruffs, present participle ruffing, simple past and past participle ruffed) (music, often military) (transitive) To beat a ruff or ruffle, as on a drum. (intransitive) Of a drum, etc.: to have a ruff or ruffle beaten on it. ==== Interjection ==== ruff The bark of a dog; arf, woof. === Etymology 5 === ==== Adjective ==== ruff (comparative ruffer, superlative ruffest) (colloquial or obsolete) Alternative spelling of rough. === References === “ruff”, in OneLook Dictionary Search. === Further reading === ruff (bird) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia ruff (cards) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia ruff (clothing) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia ruff (disambiguation) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia == Swedish == === Etymology 1 === First attested in 1730, from Old Norse hróf (“boat shed, shack”), although effected by Dutch roef and Low German ruf (compare Norwegian ruff). Originally of the roof of the deckhouse. Also found as dialectal Northern Gutnish roffe (“shack, old house”). Cognate with English roof. ==== Noun ==== ruff c (nautical) a deckhouse; a pilothouse; a cabin (room above or below deck on a boat) (Stockholm) the roof of the deckhouse (especially those which can open those which are made of cloth) Synonym: kapell ===== Declension ===== ===== Related terms ===== ruffa ===== See also ===== kajuta sittbrunn skylight === Etymology 2 === Borrowed from English rough. First attested in 1919. ==== Noun ==== ruff n (sports) rough play as a foul ===== Declension ===== ===== Related terms ===== ruffa === Etymology 3 === Borrowed from English rough. First attested in 1898. ==== Noun ==== ruff c (golf) rough Synonym: rough ===== Declension ===== ===== See also ===== bunker green === References === “ruff”, in Svensk ordbok [Dictionary of Swedish] (in Swedish) “ruff”, in Svenska Akademiens ordlista [Wordlist of the Swedish Academy] (in Swedish) “ruff”, in Svenska Akademiens ordbok [Dictionary of the Swedish Academy] (in Swedish)