roca

== Catalan == === Etymology === Inherited from Early Medieval Latin rocca, of uncertain origin. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): (Northern) [ˈro̞.kə] IPA(key): (Balearic, Central) [ˈrɔ.kə] IPA(key): (Valencia, Northwestern) [ˈrɔ.ka] === Noun === roca f (plural roques) rock ==== Derived terms ==== === See also === pedra === Further reading === “roca”, in Diccionari de la llengua catalana [Dictionary of the Catalan Language] (in Catalan), second edition, Institute of Catalan Studies [Catalan: Institut d'Estudis Catalans], April 2007 “roca”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2026 “roca” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua. Alcover, Antoni Maria; Moll, Francesc de Borja (1963), “roca”, in Diccionari català-valencià-balear (in Catalan) == Galician == === Etymology 1 === Perhaps from Gothic *𐍂𐌿𐌺𐌺𐌰 (*rukka); or, given its open stressed vowel, rather from a West Germanic cognate of it (compare Old High German rocko), from Proto-Germanic *rukkô. Cognate with Portuguese roca and Spanish rueca. ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /ˈrɔka̝/ ==== Noun ==== roca f (plural rocas) spinning distaff (part of a spinning wheel from which fibre is drawn to be spun) Synonyms: galleta, ruxideira (proverb) ===== Derived terms ===== rocazo rocanzo roqueiro rocón recó === Etymology 2 === From Old Galician-Portuguese roca (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria) borrowed from Old Catalan roca, from Early Medieval Latin rocca, of unknown origin. Doublet of rocha. ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /ˈrɔka/ ==== Noun ==== roca f (plural rocas) rock Synonyms: pena, penedo, rocha ===== Related terms ===== rocha === References === Seoane, Ernesto Xosé González; Granja, María Álvarez de la; Agrelo, Ana Isabel Boullón (2006–2022), “roca”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval [Dictionary of dictionaries of Medieval Galician] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega Barreiro, Xavier Varela; Guinovart, Xavier Gómez (2006–2018), “roca”, in Corpus Xelmírez: corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval [Corpus Xelmírez: linguistic corpus of Medieval Galicia] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “roca”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “roca”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “roca”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN == Irish == === Verb === roca present subjunctive analytic of roc == Italian == === Adjective === roca feminine singular of roco === Anagrams === acro, acro-, arco, arcò, caro, ocra, orca == Pali == === Alternative forms === === Verb === roca second-person singular imperative active of rocati == Portuguese == === Pronunciation === === Etymology 1 === Ultimately from Proto-Germanic *rukkô, although the intermediate language is uncertain. Possibly Gothic *𐍂𐌿𐌺𐌺𐌰 (*rukka), however, the vowel quality in Iberian Romance (/ɔ/ in Portuguese, /we/ in Spanish) points to a possible West Germanic loanword, or to the influence of Latin rota (“wheel”). Cognate to Galician roca, Spanish rueca, Italian rocca, Old High German rocko (German Rocken). ==== Noun ==== roca f (plural rocas) (spinning) distaff (part of a spinning wheel from which fibre is drawn to be spun) ===== Alternative forms ===== rocca (obsolete) === Etymology 2 === From Old Galician-Portuguese roca, from Old Catalan roca, from Early Medieval Latin rocca, of uncertain origin. Doublet of rocha. ==== Noun ==== roca f (plural rocas) seacliff (cliff by the sea) a stony cliff Synonyms: rochedo, penhasco (archaic) a large rock; a boulder Synonyms: rocha, penedo ===== Related terms ===== rocha === Etymology 3 === ==== Verb ==== roca inflection of rocar: third-person singular present indicative second-person singular imperative === References === === Further reading === “roca”, in Dicionário Aulete Digital (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon Editora Digital, 2008–2026 “roca”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2026 == Spanish == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈroka/ [ˈro.ka] Rhymes: -oka Syllabification: ro‧ca === Etymology 1 === Borrowed from Catalan roca, from Early Medieval Latin rocca, of uncertain origin. ==== Noun ==== roca f (plural rocas) rock Synonyms: peña, piedra (Peru) synonym of incoherencia ===== Derived terms ===== === Etymology 2 === See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form. ==== Adjective ==== roca feminine singular of roco === Further reading === “roca”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8.1, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 15 December 2025 “roca”, in Diccionario de americanismos [Dictionary of Americanisms] (in Spanish), Association of Academies of the Spanish Language [Spanish: Asociación de Academias de la Lengua Española], 2010