refuse

== English == === Etymology 1 === Borrowed into late Middle English from Middle French refusé, past participle of refuser (“to refuse”). Displaced native Middle English wernen (“to refuse”) likely due to the similar sounding Middle English warnen ==== Pronunciation ==== enPR: rĕfʹyo͞os, IPA(key): /ˈɹɛfjuːs/ ==== Adjective ==== refuse (comparative more refuse, superlative most refuse) Discarded, rejected. ==== Noun ==== refuse (uncountable) Collectively, items or material that have been discarded; rubbish, garbage. ===== Synonyms ===== discards garbage (US) rubbish (UK) trash (US) See also Thesaurus:trash ===== Derived terms ===== ===== Translations ===== === Etymology 2 === From Middle English refusen, from Old French refuser, from Vulgar Latin *refūsāre, a blend of Classical Latin refūtāre (whence also refute) and recūsāre (whence also recuse). ==== Pronunciation ==== enPR: rĭfyo͞ozʹ (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ɹɪˈfjuːz/ (General American, Canada) IPA(key): /ɹɪˈfjuz/ (Australian) IPA(key): /ɹɪˈfjʉːz/ (New Zealand) IPA(key): /ɹəˈfjʉːz/ Rhymes: -uːz ==== Verb ==== refuse (third-person singular simple present refuses, present participle refusing, simple past and past participle refused) (transitive) To decline (a request or demand). (intransitive) To decline a request or demand, forbear; to withhold permission. (ditransitive) To withhold (something) from (someone); to not give it to them or to bar them from having it. (military) To throw back, or cause to keep back (as the centre, a wing, or a flank), out of the regular alignment when troops are about to engage the enemy. (obsolete, transitive) To disown. ===== Usage notes ===== This is a catenative verb that takes the to infinitive. See Appendix:English catenative verbs. ===== Conjugation ===== ===== Synonyms ===== (decline): decline, reject, nill, say no to, turn down, veto, withsake, withsay (decline a request or demand): say no, forbear ===== Derived terms ===== ===== Related terms ===== ===== Translations ===== ==== Noun ==== refuse (obsolete) refusal === Etymology 3 === From re- + fuse. ==== Pronunciation ==== enPR: rēfyo͞ozʹ, IPA(key): /ɹiːˈfjuːz/ Rhymes: -uːz ==== Verb ==== refuse (third-person singular simple present refuses, present participle refusing, simple past and past participle refused) To fuse again, as with, or after, heating or melting. ===== Conjugation ===== ===== Related terms ===== refusion ===== See also ===== == French == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ʁə.fyz/ === Verb === refuse inflection of refuser: first/third-person singular present indicative/subjunctive second-person singular imperative === Anagrams === férues == Galician == === Verb === refuse inflection of refusar: first/third-person singular present subjunctive third-person singular imperative == Latin == === Pronunciation === (Classical Latin) IPA(key): [rɛˈfuː.sɛ] (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): [reˈfuː.s̬e] === Participle === refūse vocative masculine singular of refūsus === References === “refuse”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press