reference

== English == === Etymology === From Middle French référence, from Medieval Latin referentia, nominative neuter plural of referēns, present participle of referō (“return, reply”, literally “carry back”). Morphologically refer +‎ -ence. === Pronunciation === (Received Pronunciation, General American, Canada) IPA(key): /ˈɹɛf.(ə.)ɹəns/, [ˈɹɛf.ɹn̩s] (obsolete) IPA(key): /ˈɹɛf.ə.ɹɛns/ (Australian, New Zealand) IPA(key): /ˈɹef.(ə.)ɹəns/ Hyphenation: ref‧er‧ence Rhymes: -ɛfəɹəns === Noun === reference (countable and uncountable, plural references) (literary or archaic) A relationship or relation (to something). A measurement one can compare (some other measurement) to. Information about a person, provided by someone (a referee) with whom they are well acquainted. (especially US) A person who provides this information; a referee. (often attributive) A reference work. reference grammar ― detailed linguistic description of a particular language's grammar Reference Dictionary of Linguistics The act of referring: a submitting for information or decision. (semantics) A relation between objects in which one object designates, or acts as a means by which to connect to or link to, another object. (academic writing) A short written identification of a previously published work which is used as a source for a text. (academic writing) A previously published written work thus indicated; a source. (computing) An object containing information which refers to data stored elsewhere, as opposed to containing the data itself. (programming, character entity) A special sequence used to represent complex characters in markup languages, such as ™ for the ™ symbol. (obsolete) Appeal. ==== Hyponyms ==== ==== Derived terms ==== ==== Translations ==== ==== See also ==== sense handle === Verb === reference (third-person singular simple present references, present participle referencing, simple past and past participle referenced) To provide a list of references for (a text). (occasionally proscribed) To cite, to use as a reference. (sometimes proscribed) To mention, to refer to. (programming) To contain the value that is a memory address of some value stored in memory. ==== Usage notes ==== Some authorities object to the use of reference as a verb with a meaning other than “provide a list of references for,” preferring refer to or cite in these cases. Others allow the meaning “cite [as evidence, an example, etc.]” but reject “mention.” Nevertheless, the proscribed usages are common in both writing and speech. ==== Derived terms ==== ==== Related terms ==== referee referent referential relate relation ==== Translations ==== === References === === Further reading === “reference”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC. William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin Eli Smith, editors (1895–1910), “reference”, in The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia: […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC. “reference”, in OneLook Dictionary Search. == Czech == === Etymology === Borrowed from German Referenz, from French référence. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): [ˈrɛfɛrɛnt͡sɛ] === Noun === reference f reference recommendation ==== Declension ==== ==== Related terms ==== === Further reading === “reference”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957 “reference”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989 “reference”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech), 2008–2026