rear

== English == === Pronunciation === (non-rhotic) (Received Pronunciation, Australian) IPA(key): /ˈɹɪə/, [ˈɹʷɪə̯] (Standard Southern British) IPA(key): /ˈɹɪː/, /ˈɹɪjə/ (New Zealand) IPA(key): /ˈɹiə/ (East Anglia, cheer–chair merger) IPA(key): /ˈɹɛː/ (rhotic) (General American) IPA(key): /ˈɹɪɚ/, [ˈɹʷɪɚ] ~ [ˈɹʷɪɹ̩]; /ˈɹiɚ/, [ˈɹiɚ] ~ [ˈɹiɹ̩] (Scotland) IPA(key): /ˈɾiɾ/, [ˈɾiːɾ] Rhymes: -ɪə(ɹ) Homophone: rare (cheer–chair merger) Hyphenation: rear === Etymology 1 === From Middle English reren (“to raise”), from Old English rǣran (“to raise, set upright, promote, exalt, begin, create, give rise to, excite, rouse, arouse, stir up”), from Proto-West Germanic *raiʀijan, from Proto-Germanic *raizijaną, *raisijaną (“to cause to rise, raise”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rey- (“to lift oneself, rise”). Cognate with Scots rere (“to construct, build, rear”), Icelandic reisa (“to raise”), Gothic 𐍂𐌰𐌹𐍃𐌾𐌰𐌽 (raisjan, “to cause to rise, lift up, establish”), German reisen (“to travel”, literally “to rear up and depart”); and a doublet of raise. More at rise. Related to rise and raise, which is used for several of its now archaic or obsolete senses and for some of its senses that are currently more common in other dialects of English. ==== Alternative forms ==== reer, rere, rare (all obsolete) ==== Verb ==== rear (third-person singular simple present rears, present participle rearing, simple past and past participle reared) (transitive) To bring up to maturity, as offspring; to educate; to instruct; to foster. (transitive, said of people towards animals) To breed and raise. (intransitive) To rise up on the hind legs. (intransitive, usually with "up") To get angry. (intransitive) To rise high above, tower above. (transitive, literary) To raise physically or metaphorically; to lift up; to cause to rise, to elevate. (transitive, rare) To construct by building; to set up (transitive, rare) To raise spiritually; to lift up; to elevate morally. (transitive, obsolete) To lift and take up. (transitive, obsolete) To rouse; to strip up. ===== Usage notes ===== It is standard US English to raise children, and this usage has become common in all kinds of English since the 1700s. Until fairly recently, however, US teachers taught the traditional rule that one should raise crops and animals, but rear children, despite the fact that this contradicted general usage. It is therefore not surprising that some people still prefer to rear children and that this is considered correct but formal in US English. It is widespread in UK English and not considered formal. It is generally considered incorrect to rear crops or (adult) animals in US English, but this expression is common in UK English. ===== Synonyms ===== (rise up on the hind legs): prance ===== Derived terms ===== ===== Translations ===== === Etymology 2 === From Middle English rere, from Anglo-Norman rere, ultimately from Latin retro. Compare arrear. Doublet of retro. ==== Adjective ==== rear (not comparable) Being behind, or in the hindmost part; hindmost. ===== Antonyms ===== front ===== Translations ===== ==== Adverb ==== rear (not comparable) (UK, dialect) early; soon ==== Noun ==== rear (plural rears) The back or hindmost part; that which is behind, or last in order. Antonym: front (military) Specifically, the part of an army or fleet which comes last, or is stationed behind the rest. (anatomy) The buttocks or bottom. ===== Synonyms ===== (buttocks): rear end ===== Derived terms ===== in the rear with the gear my rear ===== Translations ===== ==== Verb ==== rear (third-person singular simple present rears, present participle rearing, simple past and past participle reared) To place in the rear; to secure the rear of. (transitive, vulgar, UK) To sodomize (perform anal sex) ===== Derived terms ===== === Etymology 3 === From Middle English reren, from Old English hrēran (“to move, shake, agitate”), from Proto-Germanic *hrōzijaną (“to stir”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱroHs- (“to mix, stir, cook”). Cognate with Dutch roeren (“to stir, shake, whip”), German rühren (“to stir, beat, move”), Swedish röra (“to touch, move, stir”), Icelandic hræra (“to stir”). ==== Alternative forms ==== reer, rere (all obsolete) ==== Verb ==== rear (third-person singular simple present rears, present participle rearing, simple past and past participle reared) (transitive) To move; stir. (transitive, of geese) To carve. (regional, obsolete) To revive, bring to life, quicken. (only in the phrase, to rear to life) (Speculum Sacerdotale c. 15th century) ===== Usage notes ===== In the sense "bring to life", the more common variant of to rear to life is to raise to life. “I pray you, Declan, servant of God, that in the name of Christ you would raise to life for me the seven hostages whom I held in bondage from the chieftains of Munster." (Life of Saint Declan of Ardmore By Saint Declan of Ardmore, Aeterna Press, 2015.) ===== Related terms ===== reremouse uproar ===== References ===== The Middle English Dictionary === Etymology 4 === From Middle English rere, from Old English hrēr, hrēre (“not thoroughly cooked, underdone, lightly boiled”), from hrēran (“to move, shake, agitate”), from Proto-Germanic *hrōzijaną (“to stir”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱroHs- (“to mix, stir, cook”). Related to Old English hrōr (“stirring, busy, active, strong, brave”), Dutch roeren (“to stir, shake, whip”), German rühren (“to stir, beat, move”), Swedish röra (“to touch, move, stir”), Icelandic hræra (“to stir”). ==== Alternative forms ==== reer, rere rare (US) ==== Adjective ==== rear (comparative rearer or more rear, superlative rearest or most rear) (now chiefly dialectal) (of eggs) Underdone; nearly raw. (chiefly US) (of meats) Rare. ===== Derived terms ===== rear-boiled rear-roasted === Anagrams === arré, rare == Latin == === Verb === rear first-person singular present active subjunctive of reor == Swedish == === Verb === rear present indicative of rea === Anagrams === rare