ratować

== Polish == === Alternative forms === retować (Middle Polish, Southern Greater Poland, Rawicz County, Śmigiel, Morownica, Western Kraków, Far Masovian, Łomża Voivodeship) === Etymology === Inherited from Old Polish retować. Per Boryś, the shift of re- > ra- in the 16th century is a hypercorrection to avoid a northern dialectal sound shift, supported by Długosz-Kurczabowa; Mańćzak refutes this and claims it is a regular alternation in Germanic loans and compares it warsztat. === Pronunciation === Rhymes: -ɔvat͡ɕ Syllabification: ra‧to‧wać === Verb === ratować impf (perfective uratować) (transitive) to rescue, to save (to cause someone or something to avoid some danger) [with przed (+ instrumental) ‘from whom/what’; or with od (+ genitive) ‘from what’; or with z (+ genitive) ‘from what’] Synonyms: ocalać, odratowywać, przynosić ratunek, salwować (transitive) to rescue, to save (to do something so as not to lose or to prevent someone from losing a good reputation or protect from misfortune, trouble) [with przed (+ instrumental) ‘from whom/what’] (transitive) to rescue, to save (to improve the situation or condition of something) (transitive) to rescue, to save (to make something acceptable despite some flaws) [with instrumental ‘with what’] (transitive) to rescue, to save (to try to preserve something) (transitive, Middle Polish) synonym of potwierdzać (“to confirm someone's opinion”) (transitive, Middle Polish) synonym of zastępować (“to replace something that ran out with something”) (reflexive with się) to rescue oneself, to save oneself (to protect oneself from something that threatens one's life or health) [with instrumental ‘with what’; or with przed (+ instrumental) ‘from whom/what’] Synonyms: ocalać się, salwować się (reflexive with się) to rescue oneself, to save oneself (to do something to avoid worsening one's situation) [with instrumental ‘with what’; or with przed (+ instrumental) ‘from whom/what’] (reflexive with się) to rescue each other, to save one another (to protect one another from something that threatens one's life or health) ==== Conjugation ==== ==== Related terms ==== ==== Descendants ==== → Belarusian: ратава́ць (ratavácʹ) → Ukrainian: рятува́ти (rjatuváty) → Yiddish: ראַטעווען (rateven) === References === === Further reading === “ratować”, in Wielki słownik języka polskiego‎[1] (in Polish), Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN “ratować się”, in Wielki słownik języka polskiego‎[2] (in Polish), Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN “ratować”, in Polish dictionaries at PWN‎[3] (in Polish) Maria Renata Mayenowa; Stanisław Rospond; Witold Taszycki; Stefan Hrabec; Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023), “ratować”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish] Maria Renata Mayenowa; Stanisław Rospond; Witold Taszycki; Stefan Hrabec; Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023), “ratować się”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish] “RATOWAĆ”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 20.06.2008 “RATOWAĆ SIĘ”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 25.02.2016 Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814), “ratować”, in Słownik języka polskiego Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861), “ratować”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861 J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1912), “ratować”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 5, Warsaw, page 480 Jan Karłowicz (1907), “retować”, in Jan Łoś, editors, Słownik gwar polskich [Dictionary of Polish dialects] (in Polish), volume 5: R S Ś T, Kraków: Akademia Umiejętności, page 12 ratować in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego