rack

== English == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ɹæk/ Rhymes: -æk Homophone: wrack === Etymology 1 === From Middle English rakke, rekke, from Middle Dutch rac, recke, rec (Dutch rek), see rekken. ==== Noun ==== rack (plural racks) A series of one or more shelves, stacked one above the other. Any of various kinds of frame for holding luggage or other objects on a vehicle or vessel. Synonym: luggage rack (historical) A device, incorporating a ratchet, used to torture victims by stretching them beyond their natural limits. (nautical) A piece or frame of wood, having several sheaves, through which the running rigging passes. Synonym: rack block (slang, especially nautical) A bunk. (nautical, by extension, slang, uncountable) Sleep. A distaff. (mechanical engineering, rail transport) A bar with teeth on its face or edge, to work with those of a gearwheel, pinion, or worm, which is to drive or be driven by it. (mechanical engineering) A bar with teeth on its face or edge, to work with a pawl as a ratchet allowing movement in one direction only, used for example in a handbrake or crossbow. A cranequin, a mechanism including a rack, pinion and pawl, providing both mechanical advantage and a ratchet, used to bend and cock a crossbow. A set of antlers (as on deer, moose or elk). A cut of meat involving several adjacent ribs. (obsolete) A bone of a horse. (billiards, snooker) A hollow triangle used for aligning the balls at the start of a game. (gambling) A plastic tray used for holding and moving chips. (slang, vulgar) A woman's breasts. Synonyms: see Thesaurus:breasts (climbing, caving) A friction device for abseiling, consisting of a frame with five or more metal bars, around which the rope is threaded. (climbing, slang) A climber's set of equipment for setting up protection and belays, consisting of runners, slings, carabiners, nuts, Friends, etc. A grate on which bacon is laid. (algebra) A set with a distributive binary operation whose action on the set is invertible. (slang) A thousand dollars, especially if the proceeds are from a crime. ===== Derived terms ===== ===== Translations ===== === Etymology 2 === From Old English reċċan (“to stretch out, extend”). ==== Verb ==== rack (third-person singular simple present racks, present participle racking, simple past and past participle racked) To place in or hang on a rack. To torture (someone) on the rack. To cause (someone) to suffer pain. Synonyms: torment, torture; see also Thesaurus:hurt (figurative) To stretch or strain; to harass, or oppress by extortion. (obsolete, occult) To alternately concatenate two words to magical effect. (billiards, snooker, pool) To put the balls into the triangular rack and set them in place on the table. Synonym: rack up (slang, transitive) To strike in the testicles. (slang) To shoplift (especially in a megastore), often by taking off of a rack. (by extension) To take that which belongs to another, without regard of right or permission. Synonym: steal (firearms) To (manually) load (a round of ammunition) from the magazine or belt into firing position in an automatic or semiautomatic firearm. (firearms) To move the slide bar on a shotgun in order to chamber the next round. (mining) To wash (metals, ore, etc.) on a rack. (nautical) To bind together, as two ropes, with cross turns of yarn, marline, etc. (structural engineering) To tend to shear a structure (that is, force it to bend, lean, or move in different directions at different points). Synonym: shear ===== Usage notes ===== In senses “torture” and “suffer pain”, frequently confused with wrack (“destroy”) (more rarely, wrack (“wreckage”)), both as stand-alone verb and in compounds. In most uses, rack is correct, and wrack is incorrect. Etymologically, nerve-racking (“stressful”), pain-racked, and rack one's brain, rack one's brains (“think hard”) are correct, while rack and ruin and storm-racked are incorrect variants of wrack and ruin (“complete destruction”) and storm-wracked (“wrecked by a storm”). Usage guidance differs: either prefer the etymologically correct term, prefer rack to (archaic) wrack, or use either. The etymologically correct forms are preferred by some style guides, but the unetymological forms are well-established and in wide use, and other style guides simply consider them variant spellings. Other style guides categorically ban wrack as archaic, suggesting modern synonyms like wreck, ruin, or destroy. In some cases style guides are confused by the etymology, or feature unhistorical forms such as nerve-wracking. This confusion dates to Early Modern English in the 16th century (as in rack and ruin), and is presumably due to the influence of ⟨wr⟩ in words such as wreak, wreck, wrench, etc., which connote discomfort and torment. Formally termed the graphaesthesia of the graphaestheme ⟨wr⟩, since identical sound /r/ to ⟨r⟩; compare with phonaesthesia. Compare rapt/wrapt, and also ⟨gh⟩ as in ghost and ghastly. ===== Conjugation ===== ===== Derived terms ===== ===== Translations ===== === Etymology 3 === From Middle English reken, from Old Norse reka (“to be drifted, tost”) The noun is from Middle English rak, rakke, from Middle English rek (“drift; thing tossed ashore; jetsam”), from the verb. ==== Verb ==== rack (third-person singular simple present racks, present participle racking, simple past and past participle racked) To drive; move; go forward rapidly; stir. To fly, as vapour or broken clouds. ===== Translations ===== ==== Noun ==== rack (uncountable) Thin, flying, broken clouds, or any portion of floating vapour in the sky. === Etymology 4 === Inherited from Middle English rakken. ==== Verb ==== rack (third-person singular simple present racks, present participle racking, simple past and past participle racked) (brewing) To clarify, and thereby deter further fermentation of, beer, wine or cider by draining or siphoning it from the dregs. ===== Translations ===== === Etymology 5 === See rack (“that which stretches”), or rock (verb). ==== Verb ==== rack (third-person singular simple present racks, present participle racking, simple past and past participle racked) (of a horse) To amble fast, causing a rocking or swaying motion of the body; to pace. ==== Noun ==== rack (plural racks) A fast amble. === Etymology 6 === See wreck. ==== Noun ==== rack (plural racks) (obsolete) A wreck; destruction. ===== Derived terms ===== rack and ruin === Etymology 7 === Uncertain. Perhaps a contraction of rabbock, an alteration ( +‎ -ock) of rabbit. ==== Noun ==== rack (plural racks) (obsolete) A young rabbit, or its skin. === Etymology 8 === ==== Noun ==== rack (uncountable) Alternative form of arak. ===== Derived terms ===== === References === === Further reading === rack on Wikipedia.Wikipedia rack (billiards) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia === Anagrams === Cark, cark == Romanian == === Etymology === Unadapted borrowing from English rack. === Noun === rack n (plural rackuri) rack ==== Declension ==== == Spanish == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈrak/ [ˈrak] Rhymes: -ak Syllabification: rack === Noun === rack m (plural racks) rack == Swedish == === Noun === rack n a rack (for holding electronic equipment) synonym of racket (considered erroneous by some – see the usage notes for that entry) ==== Declension ==== ==== See also ==== hylla rackig ställning ==== See also (racket) ==== brax dalmatin === References === “rack”, in Svensk ordbok [Dictionary of Swedish] (in Swedish) “rack”, in Svenska Akademiens ordlista [Wordlist of the Swedish Academy] (in Swedish) “rack”, in Svenska Akademiens ordbok [Dictionary of the Swedish Academy] (in Swedish)