race

== English == === Pronunciation === enPR: rās, (Received Pronunciation, General American) IPA(key): /ɹeɪs/ Rhymes: -eɪs === Etymology 1 === From Middle English race, partially from Old English rǣs (“a race, swift or violent running, rush, onset”), from Proto-West Germanic *rās; and partially from Old Norse rás (“a running, race”); both from Proto-Germanic *rēsō (“a course”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁reh₁s- (“to flow, rush”). Cognate with Middle Low German râs ("a strong current"; whence German Low German Raas (“mad rush, rage, fury”)), Dutch ras (“a strong whirling current”), Danish ræs, Norwegian and Swedish ras, Norwegian rås. ==== Noun ==== race (countable and uncountable, plural races) A contest between people, animals, vehicles, etc. where the goal is to be the first to reach some objective. For more quotations using this term, see Citations:race. Swift progress; rapid motion; an instance of moving or driving at high speed. Synonyms: dash, running, rush For more quotations using this term, see Citations:race. (electronics, computing) A race condition; a bug or problem that occurs when two or more components attempt to use the same resource at the same time. Synonyms: race condition, race hazard For more quotations using this term, see Citations:race. A sequence of events; a progressive movement toward a goal. Synonyms: course, procedure, process, train; see also Thesaurus:sequence A fast-moving current of water. Synonym: rip For more quotations using this term, see Citations:race. A water channel, especially one built to lead water to or from a point where it is utilised, such as that which powers a millwheel. Hyponyms: headrace, mill race, wheel-race, tailrace A path that something or someone moves along. Synonyms: career, course, progress For more quotations using this term, see Citations:race. A guide or channel that a component of a machine moves along: (sewing, weaving) A groove on a sewing machine or a loom along which the shuttle moves. Synonym: shuttle race (engineering) A ring with a groove in which rolling elements (such as balls) ride, forming part of a rolling-element bearing (for example, a ball bearing). Synonym: ballrace inner/outer race (gambling) A keno gambling session. ===== Hyponyms ===== ===== Derived terms ===== ===== Descendants ===== → Danish: race, ræs → Dutch: race → Swedish: race, rejs → Norwegian: race, res Tok Pisin: resis ===== Translations ===== ==== Verb ==== race (third-person singular simple present races, present participle racing, simple past and past participle raced) (intransitive) To take part in a race (in the sense of a contest). For more quotations using this term, see Citations:race. (transitive) To compete against in a race (contest). For more quotations using this term, see Citations:race. (intransitive) To move or drive at high speed; to hurry or speed. Synonyms: rush, shift, zip, zoom For more quotations using this term, see Citations:race. (intransitive, of a motor) To run rapidly when not engaged to a transmission. For more quotations using this term, see Citations:race. ===== Derived terms ===== ===== Translations ===== === Etymology 2 === 1560s, via Middle French race from Italian razza (early 14th century), of uncertain origin. Partially displaced native Middle English kinde (“kind, type, sort, race, nature”), whence English kind. Fully displaced native Old English cnōsl. ==== Noun ==== race (countable and uncountable, plural races) A group of sentient beings, particularly people, distinguished by common ancestry, heritage or characteristics (see Wikipedia's article on historical definitions of race): Synonyms: breed, strain, kind, lineage, people, variety A large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage. Synonyms: clan, ethnicity, ethnic group, ethnie, nationality, tribe For more quotations using this term, see Citations:race. A large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of common physical characteristics, such as skin color or hair type. Hyponyms: black, white, caucasian, mongoloid For more quotations using this term, see Citations:race. A large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of shared characteristics or qualities, for example social qualities. For more quotations using this term, see Citations:race. (fantasy, science fiction, mythology) A large group of nonhumans distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage. For more quotations using this term, see Citations:race. A group of organisms distinguished by common characteristics; often an informal infraspecific rank in taxonomy, below species: Synonyms: kind, strain, variety (biology) A population geographically separated from others of its species that develops significantly different characteristics; a mating group. Synonyms: ecospecies, ecotype, subspecies For more quotations using this term, see Citations:race. (botany) A strain of plant with characteristics causing it to differ from other plants of the same species. Hyponyms: cultigen, cultivar, indigen For more quotations using this term, see Citations:race. (animal husbandry) A breed or strain of domesticated animal. For more quotations using this term, see Citations:race. (mycology, bacteriology) A strain of microorganism, fungi, etc. Synonyms: pathotype, pathovar For more quotations using this term, see Citations:race. (by extension) A category or kind of thing distinguished by common characteristics. Synonyms: class, type; see also Thesaurus:class For more quotations using this term, see Citations:race. (obsolete) Peculiar flavour, taste, or strength, as of wine; that quality, or assemblage of qualities, which indicates origin or kind, as in wine; hence, characteristic flavour. Synonym: typicity For more quotations using this term, see Citations:race. (obsolete) Characteristic quality or disposition. Synonyms: attribute, idiosyncrasy, quirk, trait; see also Thesaurus:characteristic For more quotations using this term, see Citations:race. (obsolete) The sexual activity of conceiving and bearing biological offspring. Synonyms: breeding, procreation, progenation, propagation, reproduction (archaic, uncountable) Ancestry, lineage. Synonyms: extraction, family, house, line, pedigree, stirp For more quotations using this term, see Citations:race. (obsolete) A step in a lineage or succession; a generation. Synonyms: age group, cohort For more quotations using this term, see Citations:race. (obsolete, uncountable) Progeny, offspring, descendants. Synonyms: get, issue, seed For more quotations using this term, see Citations:race. ===== Derived terms ===== ===== Related terms ===== ===== Translations ===== ==== Verb ==== race (third-person singular simple present races, present participle racing, simple past and past participle raced) To assign a race to; to perceive as having a (usually specified) race. (obsolete) To pass down certain phenotypic traits to offspring. Synonyms: come true, breed true ===== Derived terms ===== misrace === Etymology 3 === Mid 16th century. From Middle French raïz, raiz, rais (“root”), from Latin radix (“root”), from Proto-Italic *wrādīks, from Proto-Indo-European *wréh₂ds. ==== Noun ==== race (plural races) (botany) A rhizome or root, especially of ginger. Synonyms: rhizome, rootstalk For more quotations using this term, see Citations:race. ===== Derived terms ===== ===== Translations ===== === Etymology 4 === A variant of raze. From Middle English rasen, racen, rase (“to scrape; to shave; to erase; to rend; to cleave; etc”), from Anglo-Norman raser, rasere, rasser, Middle French raser, and Old French raser (“to shave; to demolish”), from Vulgar Latin *raso (“to shave; to scrape”), from Latin rāsus (“scraped; shaved”), the perfect passive participle of rādō (“to scrape, scratch”). Doublet of rash (etymology 2 and etymology 7). ==== Verb ==== race (third-person singular simple present races, present participle racing, simple past and past participle raced) (transitive) (archaic) To sharpen (a grindstone) by scraping its surface. Alternative spelling of raze. (West Country) To cut, scratch, or tear (someone or something) with a sharp object; to lacerate, to slash; specifically (nautical), to make marks on (something, such as a piece of wood) using a race knife. Synonyms: carve, incise, snithe; see also Thesaurus:cut (obsolete) To physically destroy; to obliterate: Synonyms: annihilate, eradicate; see also Thesaurus:destroy To level or tear down (a building, a town, etc.) to the ground; to demolish. For more quotations using this term, see Citations:race. (rare) To make (a path or way) through something by cutting or tearing. (clothing, footwear) To make a cut or slash in (an item of clothing or footwear) as a decoration. (obsolete) To erase; to delete; to edit: Synonyms: efface, expunct, expunge, oblivionize To alter (a document) by erasing parts of it. For more quotations using this term, see Citations:race. (also figurative) To erase (a record, text, etc.), originally by scraping; to rub out, to scratch out. For more quotations using this term, see Citations:race. (figurative) To completely remove (someone or something), especially from a place, a situation, etc.; also, to remove from existence; to destroy, to obliterate. For more quotations using this term, see Citations:race. ===== Conjugation ===== ===== Derived terms ===== ===== Translations ===== === Etymology 5 === From Middle English racen, rasen (“to come apart; to pick clean, strip; to pull away, snatch; to pull down, knock down; to pull off, strip off; to pluck or tear out; to tear apart”), either: an aphetic form of arasen, aracen (“to pluck, pull, or tear away or out”), from Anglo-Norman aracer and Old French aracier, esracier, esrachier (“to pull off”) (modern French arracher), from Latin ērādīcāre, the present active infinitive of ērādīcō (“to root out; to annihilate, extirpate”), from ē- (variant of ex- (prefix meaning ‘away; out’) + rādīx (“root”) (from Proto-Indo-European *wréh₂ds (“root”)) + -ō (suffix forming regular first-conjugation infinitives of verbs); or from Anglo-Norman racer, an aphetic form of aracer (see above). ==== Verb ==== race (third-person singular simple present races, present participle racing, simple past and past participle raced) (transitive, obsolete) To pluck or snatch (something); also, to pull (something). ===== Alternative forms ===== rase ===== Derived terms ===== === References === === Further reading === race (bearing) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia race (biology) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia race (human categorization) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia racing on Wikipedia.Wikipedia race (disambiguation) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin Eli Smith, editors (1895–1910), “race”, in The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia: […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC. race in Keywords for Today: A 21st Century Vocabulary, edited by The Keywords Project, Colin MacCabe, Holly Yanacek, 2018. “race”, in OneLook Dictionary Search. Diez, Etymologisches Wörterbuch der romanischen Sprachen, "Razza." === Anagrams === acer, -care, Cera, Care, care, caer, e-car, CERA, Acre, acre, Crea == Danish == === Etymology 1 === Borrowed from French race, from Italian razza. ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): [ˈʁɑːsə] ==== Noun ==== race c (singular definite racen, plural indefinite racer) race (subdivision of species) breed ===== Inflection ===== === Etymology 2 === Borrowed from English race. ==== Alternative forms ==== ræs ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): [ˈɹɛjs], [ˈʁɛˀs] ==== Noun ==== race n (singular definite racet, plural indefinite race) a race (a contest where the goal is to be the first to reach some objective) a rush ===== Inflection ===== === Etymology 3 === Borrowed from English race. ==== Alternative forms ==== ræse ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): [ˈʁɛːsə] ==== Verb ==== race (imperative race, infinitive at race, present tense racer, past tense racede, perfect tense er/har racet) to race (to compete in a race, a contest where the goal is to be the first to reach some objective) to rush === Further reading === race on the Danish Wikipedia.Wikipedia da == Dutch == === Etymology 1 === Borrowed from English race. ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /reːs/ Hyphenation: race Rhymes: -eːs Homophone: rees ==== Noun ==== race m (plural races, diminutive raceje n) a speed contest, a race Synonym: wedloop ===== Derived terms ===== === Etymology 2 === See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form. ==== Pronunciation ==== (1st and 2nd person singular, imperative) IPA(key): /reːs/ Hyphenation: race Rhymes: -eːs Homophone: rees (subjunctive) IPA(key): /ˈreː.sə/ Hyphenation: ra‧ce Rhymes: -eːsə ==== Verb ==== race inflection of racen: first-person singular present indicative (in case of inversion) second-person singular present indicative imperative (dated or formal) singular present subjunctive == French == === Etymology === As Middle French rasse (“entirety of ancestors and descendants of the same family or people”), from c. 1480, spelling Middle French race recorded in 1549, from Italian razza (13th century), of uncertain origin (more at razza). === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ʁas/ Rhymes: -as === Noun === race f (plural races) race (classification) kind Synonym: espèce (zoology) breed ==== Related terms ==== ==== Descendants ==== Réunion Creole French: ras → German: Rasse→ Czech: rasa→ Polish: rasa→ Serbo-Croatian: rasa→ Slovene: rasa → Romanian: rasă === References === Etymology and history of “race”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012 === Further reading === “race”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012 === Anagrams === acre, âcre, care, caré, créa, racé == Middle French == === Etymology === 16th century (spelling rasse from 1480), from Italian razza (early 14th century), of uncertain origin. === Noun === race f (plural races) race; breed ==== Descendants ==== == Old English == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈrɑ.ke/ Rhymes: -ɑ.ke === Noun === race inflection of racu: nominative plural accusative singular/plural genitive/dative singular == Polish == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈra.t͡sɛ/ Rhymes: -at͡sɛ Syllabification: ra‧ce === Noun === race f nominative/accusative/vocative plural of raca == Swedish == === Etymology 1 === From English race. ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /rɛjs/, /ɹɛjs/ Rhymes: -ɛjs ==== Noun ==== race n race (competition) ===== Declension ===== ===== Derived terms ===== köra sitt eget race ==== See also ==== kappkörning kapplöpning rally === Etymology 2 === ==== Noun ==== race c obsolete form of ras ===== Declension ===== === References === “race”, in Svenska Akademiens ordlista [Wordlist of the Swedish Academy] (in Swedish) “race”, in Svensk ordbok [Dictionary of Swedish] (in Swedish)