qumësht

== Albanian == === Alternative forms === klomështë, klumushtë — obsolete qumsht, qumësh — southern Gheg kjumsht, kjumësht, kjumshtë, kumsht — northern Gheg qumbësht — northeastern Gheg klumështë, klumësht — Cham, Arbëresh, Arvanitika këlumësht — southern Tosk klumisht, klumusht, klumësh, klymësh — Arvanitika klëmsht, klëmësh, klëmsh, glumsht — Sicily === Etymology === Uncertain. Possibilities include: Borrowed from a dialectal byform of Latin colostra (“beestings”), whence however the regularly derived kulloshtër (“beestings”). A derivation from Proto-Indo-European *ḱlewH- (“to clean; to slide”), whence also Latvian slàukt (“to milk”). Given the heavily pastoralist lifestyle of the ancestors of Albanian speakers, it is likely for the basic term for “milk” to be part of the pre-Roman inherited lexicon. Note, however, the borrowing of grigjë, a quite agricultural term nevertheless borrowed from Latin. === Pronunciation === (Tosk) IPA(key): /ˈcuməʃt/ IPA(key): /ˈcuməʃt/ (northern Tosk) IPA(key): /ˈkəluməʃt/ (Lab) IPA(key): /ˈkluməʃt/ (Cham) IPA(key): /ˈkʎumʃt/ (Arvanitika) IPA(key): /ˈklumʃɪt/ (Arbëresh) IPA(key): /ˈkʎəməʃ(t)/ (Sicily) (Gheg) IPA(key): /ˈtɕumʃt/ IPA(key): /ˈtɕumʃt/ (southern Gheg, central Gheg) IPA(key): /ˈkjũmʃt/, /ˈkũmʃt/ (northern Gheg) Rhymes: -uməʃt === Noun === qumësht m (definite qumështi) milk Synonym: tambël — Gheg latex, sap, milk (of vegetables) mixture of something diluted in water (Gheg) whey Synonym: hirrë (Gheg, rare) whey cheese, ricotta Synonym: gjizë ==== Usage notes ==== The meaning “milk” is now obsolete in Gheg dialects, where tambël (“milk”) is used and qumësht generally only means “whey”. ==== Declension ==== ==== Derived terms ==== === Adverb === qumësht very (white, clean), as milk Synonym: shumë qumësht i pastër ― very clean (literally, “clean as milk”) === References === === Further reading === “qúmësht,~i”, in FGJSSH: Fjalor i gjuhës së sotme shqipe [Dictionary of the modern Albanian language]‎[4], 1980, page 1620b Mann, S. E. (1948), “qumësht”, in An Historical Albanian–English Dictionary, London: Longmans, Green & Co., page 420b Leotti, Angelo (1916), “kjúmësht-i”, in L'albanese parlato (in Italian), Milan: U. Hoepli, page 107 Weigand, Gustav (1914), “kjumësht-i”, in Albanesisch–deutsches und deutsch–albanesisches Wörterbuch (in German), Leipzig: J. A. Barth, page 44b Kristoforidhi, Kostandin (1904), “κϳούμε̯στε̯-ι”, in Λεξικὸν τῆς Ἀλβανικῆς γλώσσης [Lexikón tís Alvanikís glóssis] (in Greek), Athens, page 190 Jungg, G. (1895), “kiûmsct”, in Fialuur i voghel sccȣp e ltinisct [Small Albanian–Italian dictionary], page 57b Jungg, G. (1895), “kiumsct”, in Fialuur i voghel sccȣp e ltinisct [Small Albanian–Italian dictionary], page 189a Rossi, F. (1875), “kiùmsct”, in Vocabolario della lingua epirotica–italiana (in Italian), page 677b