quisquis

== English == === Alternative forms === quis-quis === Etymology === Shared with quisquous and quiscoskos; from Latin quisquis (“whosoever”) or by reduplication of Latin quis (“of what kind”). === Pronoun === quisquis (Scotland, rare) Whoever, whosoever. === Adjective === quisquis (comparative more quisquis, superlative most quisquis) (Scotland, rare) Synonym of quisquous. ==== Related terms ==== quisquous quiscoskos === References === “quisquis”, in The Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries, 2004–present, →OCLC. J[ames] B[rown] Montgomerie-Fleming (1899), “QUISQUOUS, iii. 593.”, in Desultory Notes on Jamieson’s Scottish Dictionary, Glasgow; Edinburgh: William Hodge & Company, pages 121–122 == Latin == === Etymology === Reduplication of quis. This reduplicated pronoun also appears in Sabellic, allowing a reconstruction of Proto-Italic *kʷiskʷis. === Pronunciation === (Classical Latin) IPA(key): [ˈkʷɪs.kʷɪs] (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): [ˈkʷis.kʷis] === Pronoun === quisquis m or f (indefinite, neuter quidquid or quicquid) whoever, whatever ==== Usage notes ==== This pronoun is rarely used outside the nominative, accusative and vocative cases. For such instances, quis is usually employed. Scaevola with a text out of a testament is cited with the neuter plural quaequae, and Ulpianus is cited with the accusative plural quōsquōs. Titus Livius is cited with dative or ablative plural quibusquibus in ab urbe condita book 41. However, this depends on edition as it is: "liberos suos quibusquibus Romanis in eam condicionem", or "liberos suos quibuslibet Romanis in eam condicionem". Cicero's pro P. Sestio is sometimes cited with the form quiqui, but this does also depend on edition. F. Neue stated, that quiqui appears in some editions of Cicero's pro P. Sestio, but not in manuscripts. Plautus, Aulularia, actus IV is sometimes given as a references for a nominative singular quīquī. The text however does depend on the edition. Dictionaries and old grammars mention an adjectivally used feminine nominative *quaequae and a neuter *quodquod (or *quocquod). These forms however are unattested, while quisquis and quidquid (or quicquid) are used adjectivally too. ==== Declension ==== Relative/interrogative pronoun. ==== Quotations ==== Plautus, Menaechmi, actus V. In: Plautus with an English translation by Paul Nixon, vol. II of five volumes, 1917, p. 446f.: Quisquis es, quidquid tibi nomen est, senex, summum Iovem deosque do testes— Whoever you are, whatever your name is, old gentleman, I call Heaven and God on high to witness— Plautus, Menaechmi, actus V. In: Plautus with an English translation by Paul Nixon, vol. II of five volumes, 1917, p. 486f.: venibunt quiqui licebunt, praesenti pecunia. For sale ... your own price ... cash down! All will go for whatever they'll fetch at ready money prices. ==== Related terms ==== ==== Descendants ==== → English: quiscos, quiscus, quisqouse, quisquose, quisquous; quiscoskos; quis-quis, quisquis === References === Allen and Greenough's New Latin Grammar for schools and colleges founded on comparative grammar, edited by J. B. Greenough, G. L. Kittredge, A. A. Howard and Benj. L. D'Ooge, 1903, p. 69: "In quisquis whoever, both parts are declined, but the only forms in common use are quisquis, quidquid (quicquid) and quōquō. Note 1.–Rare forms are quemquem and quibisquibus; an ablative quīquī is sometimes found in early Latin; the ablative feminine quāquā is both late and rare. Cuicui occurs as a genitive in the phrase cuicui modī, of whatever kind. Other cases are cited, but have no authority. In early Latin quisquis is occasionally feminine. Note 2.–Quisquis is usually substantive, except in the ablative quōquō, which is more commonly an adjective." === Further reading === “quisquis”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press “quisquis”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers “quisquis”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.