qua

== Translingual == === Etymology === Clipping of English Quapaw. === Symbol === qua (international standards) ISO 639-3 language code for Quapaw. === See also === Wiktionary’s coverage of Quapaw terms == English == === Etymology 1 === From Latin quā (“in the capacity of”). ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /kwɑː/ Rhymes: -ɑː IPA(key): /kweɪ/ Rhymes: -eɪ ==== Preposition ==== qua (chiefly philosophy) as; in the capacity of; acting as 1954: Gilbert Ryle, Dilemmas: The Tarner Lectures, 1953, dilemma vii: Perception, page 99 (The Syndics of the Cambridge University Press) As anatomy, physiology and, later, psychology have developed into more or less well-organized sciences, they have necessarily and rightly come to incorporate the study of, among other things, the structures, mechanisms, and functionings of animal and human bodies qua percipient. 1962: Norman Malcolm; Dreaming; chapter nine: “Judgments in Sleep”, page 39{1}; chapter twelve: “The Concept of Dreaming”, page 68{2} (1977 paperback reprint; Routledge & Kegan Paul; ISBN 0‒7100‒3836‒4 (c), 0‒7100‒8434‒X (p)) {1} For sleep qua sleep has no experiential content: it cannot turn out, as remarked before, that a man was not asleep because he was not having some experience or other. {2} I am denying that a dream qua dream is a seeming, appearance or ‘semblance of reality’. 2005: Ulfelder, Jay.Collective Action and the Breakdown of Authoritarian Regimes. International Political Science Review, 26(3), p318. Retrieved 1615 240810 from http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/30039035.pdf?acceptTC=true. "In essence, military regimes are autocracies in which the military qua organization performs many of the functions performed by the ruling party in single-party regimes." 2009: Ken Levy, Killing, Letting Die, and the Case for Mildly Punishing Bad Samaritanism, Georgia Law Review, p. 24. Blame qua attitude is the feeling or belief that an individual has committed a wrongdoing, usually a wrongful action and/or harm, and can be reasonably expected not to have committed this wrongdoing. Blame qua practice is the public expression of this attitude – usually by means of censure (written or verbal criticism) or punishment. Generally, the morally worse the wrongdoing, the more severe the censure/punishment. ===== Translations ===== === Etymology 2 === Imitative. ==== Interjection ==== qua The cawing sound of a crow. === Anagrams === QAU, UAQ == Classical Nahuatl == === Verb === qua alternative spelling of cua == Danish == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /kvaː/, [kʰvæːˀ] Rhymes: -aː === Conjunction === qua as, qua (in the capacity of) (as a preposition) by virtue of (because of) == Dutch == === Etymology === From Latin quā (“in the capacity of, by which, as far as”). === Pronunciation === Rhymes: -aː === Preposition === qua regarding, concerning, in terms of ==== Synonyms ==== wat ... betreft == German == === Etymology === Borrowed from Latin quā. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /kvaː/ === Preposition === qua [with dative or (alternatively when governing a noun accompanied by an adjective or article, rarely otherwise) genitive] (formal) by Synonyms: durch, mittels, kraft qua Gesetz ― by law ==== Usage notes ==== Sometimes used with the genitive: qua Amtes ― ex officio (literally, “by office”) === Further reading === “qua” in Duden online “qua”, in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache‎[2] (in German) == Hokkien == === Alternative forms === koaⁿ === Etymology === The suffix has been used since around the 17th and 18th century. Since "hong" (行) merchants were technically officials of the lowest (9th) rank, the suffix qua was added to their names in honour of their positions in the Qing government. The spelling may possibly be from Spanish orthography. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): [kuã˥˥] === Suffix === qua Irregular romanization of 官 (“official”) ==== Usage notes ==== Formerly added to names of hong merchants (i.e. "Powqua," "Chinqua"). == Ido == === Etymology === Borrowed from French qui, que, Italian che, Spanish que, ultimately from Latin quī / quid. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /kwa/ === Pronoun === qua (plural qui) (relative pronoun) which Esis tre jentila homo qua helpis ni. ― It was a nice man who helped us. (interrogative pronoun) who Qua esas ita kerlo? ― Who is that guy? (direct question) Me ne konocas qua ita esas. ― I don't know who that is. (indirect question) === Determiner === qua (interrogative determiner) what Qua kamizo vu portos? ― What shirt are you going to wear? ==== Derived terms ==== quo (“what (thing)”) qui (“who (plural)”) pro quo (“why”) === See also === ube (“where”) kande (“when”) quala (“what kind of”) quale (“how”) quanta (“how much”) quanto (“quantity”) == Italian == === Alternative forms === quà (misspelling) === Etymology === From Vulgar Latin *eccum hāc. Related to Portuguese cá, Spanish acá, French çà, Sicilian cca. The original geminated -cc-, though lost in the standard language, is still found in most regional Italian varieties. Compare Sicilian cca. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈkwa/* (regional) IPA(key): */ˈkwa/* Rhymes: -a === Adverb === qua here Synonym: qui ==== Usage notes ==== For differences between qua and qui, see notes at qui. ==== Derived terms ==== quassù quaggiù ==== See also ==== là, lì === Further reading === qua in Luciano Canepari, Dizionario di Pronuncia Italiana (DiPI) qua2 in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana == Latin == === Pronunciation === quā: (Classical Latin) IPA(key): [ˈkʷaː] (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): [ˈkʷaː] qua: (Classical Latin) IPA(key): [ˈkʷa] (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): [ˈkʷaː] === Etymology 1 === Adverb declined from quī. Diachronically, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷéh₂; compare Ancient Greek πῇ (pēî), πῆ (pê, “which way, how”) and Latin quam. ==== Adverb ==== quā (not comparable) where (on which side; at or in which place; in what direction; by what way) quā... eā... ― where... there... as (in the capacity or character of) ēns quā ēns ― being as being how (in what way; by what method; to what degree or extent) (indefinite) after sī, nisi, num, nē: in any way, anyhow ===== Related terms ===== === Etymology 2 === Inherited from Proto-Italic *kʷād. ==== Pronoun ==== quā (relative) ablative feminine singular of quī (interrogative) ablative feminine singular of quis ==== Determiner ==== quā (relative, interrogative) ablative feminine singular of quī === Etymology 3 === From the feminine singular and neuter plural of Proto-Italic *kʷoi, without the pronominal nominative or deictic ending *-i. ==== Pronoun ==== qua (indefinite) nominative feminine singular of quis (indefinite) nominative/accusative neuter plural of quis ==== Determiner ==== qua (indefinite) nominative feminine singular of quī (indefinite) nominative/accusative neuter plural of quī === References === “qua”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press “qua”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers “qua”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette. Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎[3], London: Macmillan and Co. Allen, Joseph Henry; Greenough, James B. (1903), Allen and Greenough's New Latin grammar for schools and colleges: founded on comparative grammar, Boston: Ginn and Company, § 149 == Middle English == === Pronoun === qua (Northern) alternative form of who (“who”, nominative) == Norwegian Bokmål == === Etymology === From Latin quā. === Preposition === qua qua; as, in capacity of === References === “qua” in The Bokmål Dictionary. “qua” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB). == Norwegian Nynorsk == === Etymology 1 === From Latin quā. ==== Preposition ==== qua qua; as, in capacity of === Etymology 2 === From Old Norse hvat, from Proto-Germanic *hwat. ==== Pronoun ==== qua obsolete spelling of kva === References === “qua” in The Nynorsk Dictionary. == Romansh == === Adverb === qua here == Tày == === Pronunciation === (Thạch An – Tràng Định) IPA(key): [kwaː˧˧] (Trùng Khánh) IPA(key): [kwaː˦˥] === Etymology 1 === ==== Noun ==== qua (Nôm form 瓜) lemon squash ===== Derived terms ===== === Etymology 2 === ==== Noun ==== qua pillar slâu qua ― (please add an English translation of this usage example) ===== Derived terms ===== ==== References ==== Hoàng Văn Ma; Lục Văn Pảo; Hoàng Chí (2006), Từ điển Tày-Nùng-Việt [Tay-Nung-Vietnamese dictionary] (in Vietnamese), Hanoi: Nhà xuất bản Từ điển Bách khoa Hà Nội Lương Bèn (2011), Từ điển Tày-Việt [Tay-Vietnamese dictionary]‎[4][5] (in Vietnamese), Thái Nguyên: Nhà Xuất bản Đại học Thái Nguyên Dương Nhật Thanh; Hoàng Tuấn Nam (2003), Hoàng Triều Ân, editor, Từ điển chữ Nôm Tày [A Dictionary of (chữ) Nôm Tày]‎[6] (in Tày and Vietnamese), Hanoi: Nhà xuất bản Khoa học xã hội [Social Sciences Publishing House] == Vietnamese == === Pronunciation === (Hà Nội) IPA(key): [kwaː˧˧] (Huế) IPA(key): [kwaː˧˧] (Saigon) IPA(key): [waː˧˧] === Etymology 1 === Sino-Vietnamese word from 過 (“pass”). Doublet of quá. ==== Preposition ==== qua through, across (from one side to the other) ô-tô chạy qua cầu ― the car crosses the bridge xe vượt qua đèo ― the car crosses the mountain pass nhìn qua cửa sổ ― to look through the window nhảy qua mương ― to hop across the ditch lật qua trang khác ― to flip to another page by way of by means of, by, over, using nói chuyện qua điện thoại ― to converse over the telephone học tập qua kinh nghiệm ― to learn by experience hiểu biết qua thực tế ― to understand through reality ==== Adjective ==== qua last (most recent) (folk poetry) ago (before now) ===== Synonyms ===== (last): vừa rồi (past): trước ===== Derived terms ===== ==== Verb ==== qua • (戈, 過, 𳄘) (intransitive) to have transpire, to take place, to come to pass tai qua nạn khỏi ― literally, "disaster to pass [and] ordeal to be relieved" nhắc lại việc đã qua ― to recall events that have transpired (intransitive) to go over to; to spend time at (transitive) to survive (transitive) to escape, to elude (transitive) to cross (to move relatively); to traverse (folk poetry) (transitive) to go to the front of (folk poetry) (transitive) to trump, to outweigh, to prevail over khôn chẳng qua lẽ, khỏe chẳng qua lời ― literally, "Shrewdness can't trump rightousness; brute strength can't trump wise words." / It is advisable to respond with temperance, rather than with cunningness or force. (intransitive) to drift past; to elapse Ngày qua ngày ― day after day ===== Synonyms ===== (to cross): đi qua (to drift past): trôi qua ===== Derived terms ===== ==== Adverb ==== qua across (from one side to the other), through nhìn qua ― to look past nhảy qua ― to hop across in passing dặn qua mấy lời ― to give a few words of advice in passing cursorily, superficially biết qua thế thôi ― to know a thing or two about it đọc qua vài trang ― to skim over a few pages completely === Etymology 2 === Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 我 (SV: ngã); borrowed from a Sinitic variety with denasalization. ==== Pronoun ==== qua (archaic, men's speech or Central Vietnam, Southern Vietnam) I; me ===== Synonyms ===== (I): ta, tôi === Etymology 3 === ==== Romanization ==== qua Sino-Vietnamese reading of 戈 Sino-Vietnamese reading of 冎 Sino-Vietnamese reading of 瘑 Sino-Vietnamese reading of 蜗 Sino-Vietnamese reading of 薖 Sino-Vietnamese reading of 檛 Sino-Vietnamese reading of 騧 Sino-Vietnamese reading of 渦 Sino-Vietnamese reading of 堝 Sino-Vietnamese reading of 瘸 Sino-Vietnamese reading of 簻 Sino-Vietnamese reading of 咼 Sino-Vietnamese reading of 撾 Sino-Vietnamese reading of 濄 Sino-Vietnamese reading of 胍 Sino-Vietnamese reading of 過 Sino-Vietnamese reading of 㧓 Sino-Vietnamese reading of 瓜 Sino-Vietnamese reading of 叧 Sino-Vietnamese reading of 剮 Sino-Vietnamese reading of 蝸 Sino-Vietnamese reading of 緺 Sino-Vietnamese reading of 髽 Sino-Vietnamese reading of 找 === References === Hồ Ngọc Đức, editor (2003), “qua”, in Việt–Việt‎[7] (DICT), Leipzig: Free Vietnamese Dictionary Project (details), archived from the original on 12 November 2024 Lê Sơn Thanh, "Nom-Viet.dat", WinVNKey (details) An Chi (17 March 2019). "Lắt léo chữ nghĩa: Nguồn gốc của đại từ QUA". Thanh Niên.