puna

== English == === Alternative forms === Puna === Etymology === From Spanish puna, from Quechua puna. === Pronunciation === Rhymes: -uːnə === Noun === puna (plural punas) An alpine biological community in the central portion of the Andes in which short, coarse grass supports a Native American population. ==== Derived terms ==== === Anagrams === napu == Albanian == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈpuna/, [ˈpu̞.nä] === Noun === puna definite nominative singular of punë == Cavineña == === Noun === puna root of epuna === References === Antoine Guillaume, A Grammar of Cavineña (2008, →ISBN == Esperanto == === Etymology === From puni + -a. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈpuna/ Rhymes: -una Syllabification: pu‧na === Adjective === puna (accusative singular punan, plural punaj, accusative plural punajn) Of or relating to punishment; punitive === Further reading === “puna”, in Plena Ilustrita Vortaro de Esperanto [Complete Illustrated Dictionary of Esperanto], 2020, →ISBN == Estonian == === Etymology === From Proto-Finnic *puna. Cognate to Finnish puna. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈpunɑ/, [ˈpunɑ] === Noun === puna (genitive puna, partitive puna) the colour red ==== Declension ==== ==== Derived terms ==== punane punakas === References === “puna”, in [ÕS] Eesti õigekeelsussõnaraamat ÕS 2018 [Estonian Spelling Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2018, →ISBN == Finnish == === Etymology === From Proto-Finnic *puna, from Proto-Finno-Ugric *puna (“color, hair”). Cognate with Erzya пона (pona, “hair”). === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈpunɑ/, [ˈpunɑ̝] Rhymes: -unɑ Syllabification(key): pu‧na Hyphenation(key): pu‧na === Noun === puna The color red. Synonyms: punainen (most common term), ruso ==== Usage notes ==== Now primarily used in compounds rather than as an independent word. ==== Declension ==== ==== Derived terms ==== === Further reading === “puna”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎[3] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 3 July 2023 === Anagrams === Panu == French == === Noun === puna f (plural punas) puna === Further reading === “puna”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012 == Galician == === Verb === puna inflection of punar: third-person singular present indicative second-person singular imperative inflection of punir: first/third-person singular present subjunctive third-person singular imperative == Hawaiian == === Etymology 1 === From Proto-Polynesian *puna (“spring of water”), from Proto-Central Pacific *puna, from Proto-Oceanic *puna (“spring of water”), from Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *puna, from Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *puna, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *puna (“source, origin”), from Proto-Austronesian *puna (“source, origin”). Cognates include Māori puna and Samoan puna. ==== Noun ==== puna spring (water source) coral, lime, plaster ==== References ==== === Etymology 2 === From Proto-Polynesian *puŋa (“coral rock”), from Proto-Central Pacific *puŋa, from Proto-Oceanic *buŋa (“white, porous coral or growth”), from Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *buŋa, from Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *buŋa, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buŋa (“flower”, compare *buŋa ni batu (“coral sponge”, literally “stone bloom'”)). Cognates include Māori punga (“coral, anchor”), pungapunga (“pumice”), Tahitian puʻa (“coral, lime”), Tongan punga and Samoan puga. Compare also Fijian vuga. Doublet of pua. ==== Noun ==== puna coral, lime, plaster calcium Synonym: kalipuna ==== References ==== === Etymology 3 === From Proto-Polynesian *puŋa, from Proto-Central Pacific *puŋa, from Proto-Oceanic *buŋa, from Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *buŋa, from Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *buŋa, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buŋa. Cognates include Māori pungapunga (“ankle”) and Samoan puga (“groin”). ==== Noun ==== puna section between joints or nodes, internodes ==== References ==== === Etymology 4 === (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.) ==== Noun ==== puna cuttlebone === Etymology 5 === Borrowed from English spoon. ==== Noun ==== puna spoon Aia i hea ke puna kāwili? ― Where is the stirring spoon? ==== References ==== Pukui, Mary Kawena; Elbert, Samuel H. (1986), “puna”, in Hawaiian Dictionary, Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, →ISBN, page 355 === Related terms === punapuna == Ingrian == === Etymology === From Proto-Finnic *puna. Cognates include Finnish puna and Estonian puna. === Pronunciation === (Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /ˈpunɑ/, [ˈpunɑˑ] (Soikkola) IPA(key): /ˈpunɑ/, [ˈpunɑˑ] Rhymes: -unɑ Hyphenation: pu‧na === Noun === puna (in compounds) red ==== Declension ==== ==== Derived terms ==== === References === Ruben E. Nirvi (1971), Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 441 == Māori == === Etymology === From Proto-Polynesian *puna (“spring of water”), from Proto-Central Pacific *puna, from Proto-Oceanic *puna (“spring of water”), from Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *puna, from Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *puna, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *puna (“source, origin”), from Proto-Austronesian *puna (“source, origin”). Cognates include Hawaiian puna and Samoan puna. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈpuna/ [ˈpʉnɐ] === Noun === puna spring of water; well; pool === Verb === puna to well up; to flow === References === === Further reading === John C. Moorfield (2011), “puna”, in Te Aka: Māori–English, English–Māori Dictionary and Index, 3rd edition, Longman/Pearson Education New Zealand, →ISBN == Pali == === Alternative forms === === Particle === puna again == Portuguese == === Pronunciation === Hyphenation: pu‧na === Verb === puna inflection of punir: first/third-person singular present subjunctive third-person singular imperative == Quechua == Not to be confused with phuña === Etymology === (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.) === Noun === puna lofty region, elevated cold plains Andean altitude between 4,000m and 5,000m ==== Declension ==== ==== Descendants ==== → Spanish: puna→ English: puna ==== See also ==== == Sakizaya == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /pu.ˈna/, [pu.ˈna] === Noun === puna belly button == Samoan == === Etymology === From Proto-Polynesian *puna (“spring of water”), from Proto-Oceanic *puna (“spring of water”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *puna (“source; origin”), from Proto-Austronesian *puna (“source; origin”). Cognate to Hawaiian puna, Māori puna. === Verb === puna to jump (of water) to spring up, well up, gush === Noun === puna spring of water === References === George Pratt (1861), “puna”, in Samoan dictionary: English and Samoan and Samoan and English with a short grammar of the Samoan dialect, Matautu, Samoa: London Missionary Society Press, page 171 == Serbo-Croatian == === Adjective === puna (Cyrillic spelling пуна) inflection of pun: feminine nominative/vocative singular indefinite masculine/neuter genitive singular indefinite animate masculine accusative singular neuter nominative/accusative/vocative plural == Spanish == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈpuna/ [ˈpu.na] Rhymes: -una Syllabification: pu‧na === Etymology 1 === Borrowed from Quechua puna. ==== Noun ==== puna f (plural punas) (Latin America) puna, Andean plateau (Latin America) altitude sickness (Latin America) Cold mountain wind ===== Derived terms ===== ===== Descendants ===== → English: puna === Etymology 2 === See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form. ==== Verb ==== puna inflection of punir: first/third-person singular present subjunctive third-person singular imperative === Further reading === “puna”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8.1, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 15 December 2025 == Swahili == === Verb === -puna (infinitive kupuna) to wipe off ==== Conjugation ==== == Tagalog == === Alternative forms === pona — obsolete, Spanish-based spelling === Pronunciation === (Standard Tagalog) IPA(key): /puˈna/ [pʊˈn̪a] Rhymes: -a Syllabification: pu‧na === Noun === puná (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜓᜈ) notice; observation; noticing Synonyms: obserbasyon, pansin, reparo remark; comment Synonyms: komentaryo, pansin adverse criticism; objection; criticism Synonyms: kritika, pintas, tutol, kritisismo, batikos, pula, animadbersiyon, pamumuna, pamumula, pista ==== Derived terms ==== === Further reading === “puna”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, 2018 === Anagrams === upan == Votic == === Etymology === From Proto-Finnic *puna. === Pronunciation === (Luutsa, Liivčülä) IPA(key): /ˈpunɑ/, [ˈpunɑ] Rhymes: -unɑ Hyphenation: pu‧na === Noun === puna red (colour) ==== Inflection ==== ==== Derived terms ==== punanõ === References === Hallap, V.; Adler, E.; Grünberg, S.; Leppik, M. (2012), “puna”, in Vadja keele sõnaraamat [A dictionary of the Votic language]‎[4], 2nd edition, Tallinn == Warlpiri == === Noun === puna ash