plume

== English == === Pronunciation === (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ˈpluːm/, (obsolete) /ˈpljuːm/ (General American) IPA(key): /ˈplum/ Rhymes: -uːm Hyphenation: plume === Etymology 1 === From Late Middle English plum, plume (“feather; plumage”), from Anglo-Norman plum, plume, from Old French plume, plome (“feather, plumage”), from Latin plūma (“feather, plumage”) (compare Late Latin plūma (“pen, quill”)), from Proto-Italic *plouksmā, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *plewk- (“to fly”). Doublet of pluma. ==== Noun ==== plume (plural plumes) (archaic, literary and poetic) A feather of a bird, especially a large or showy one used as a decoration. Near-synonym: aigrette (archaic, literary and poetic) A cluster of feathers worn as an ornament, especially on a helmet; a hackle. Near-synonym: aigrette (figurative) A token of honour or prowess; that on which one prides oneself; a prize or reward. Synonym: feather in one's cap The vane (“flattened, web-like part”) of a feather, especially when on a quill pen or the fletching of an arrow. Ellipsis of plume moth (“a small, slender moth of the family Pterophoridae”). Things resembling a feather. A cloud formed by a dispersed substance fanning out or spreading. An upward spray of mist or water. (astronomy) An arc of glowing material (chiefly gases) erupting from the surface of a star. (botany) A large and flexible panicle of an inflorescence resembling a feather, such as is seen in certain large ornamental grasses. (geology) Ellipsis of mantle plume (“an upwelling of abnormally hot molten material from the Earth's mantle which spreads sideways when it reaches the lithosphere”). (zoology) A body part resembling a feather. The furry tail of certain dog breeds (such as the Samoyed) that curls over their backs or stands erect. More fully gill plume: a feathery gill of some crustaceans and molluscs. ===== Derived terms ===== ===== Related terms ===== aigrette plumage plumaged ===== Translations ===== === Etymology 2 === Sense 1 (“to adorn, cover, or furnish with feathers or plumes”) is derived from Anglo-Norman plumer (“to cover with or provide with feathers”), or its etymon Latin plūmāre, the present active infinitive of plūmō (“to grow feathers, to fledge; to cover with feathers, to feather; to embroider with a feathery pattern”) (and compare Late Latin plūmō (“to attach feathers to arrows; of a hawk: to pluck the feathers from prey; (figurative) to celebrate, praise”)), from plūma (“feather; plumage; down”) (see etymology 1) + -ō (suffix forming regular first-conjugation verbs). Senses 2–4 (“to arrange and preen the feathers of; to congratulate (oneself) proudly; to strip of feathers”) are from Late Middle English plumen (“to remove the feathers from a bird; of a hawk: to pluck the feathers or the head from prey”) [and other forms], from Anglo-Norman and Middle French plumer (“to remove the feathers from a bird; to pull out (hairs, especially from a moustache); to rob”), from plūma (see etymology 1). Sense 5 (“to fan out or spread in a cloud”) is derived from plume (noun). ==== Verb ==== plume (third-person singular simple present plumes, present participle pluming, simple past and past participle plumed) (transitive, also figurative) To adorn, cover, or furnish with feathers or plumes, or as if with feathers or plumes. Synonyms: feather, fledge (transitive, reflexive) Chiefly of a bird: to arrange and preen the feathers of, specifically in preparation for flight; hence (figurative), to prepare for (something). (transitive, reflexive, by extension) To congratulate (oneself) proudly, especially concerning something unimportant or when taking credit for another person's effort; to self-congratulate; to preen. (transitive, archaic) To strip (a bird) of feathers; to pluck. Synonym: unplume (by extension) To peel, to strip completely; to pillage; also, to deprive of power. (falconry, obsolete) Of a hawk: to pluck the feathers from prey. (intransitive) Of a dispersed substance such as dust or smoke: to fan out or spread in a cloud. ===== Conjugation ===== ===== Derived terms ===== plumed (adjective) replume unplume unplumed (adjective) ===== Translations ===== === References === === Further reading === mantle plume on Wikipedia.Wikipedia plume (feather) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia plume (fluid dynamics) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia == French == === Etymology === Inherited from Old French plume, from Latin plūma. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /plym/ === Noun === plume f (plural plumes) feather quill nib, the writing end of a fountain pen or a dip pen (dated) writer, penman ==== Derived terms ==== ==== Descendants ==== Haitian Creole: plim → Rade: plim → Swedish: plym === Verb === plume inflection of plumer: first/third-person singular present indicative/subjunctive second-person singular imperative === Further reading === “plume”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012 == Friulian == === Etymology === From Latin plūma. === Noun === plume f (plural plumis) plume, feather Synonym: pene == Old English == === Alternative forms === plȳme plūmae — early === Etymology === From Proto-West Germanic *plūmā, from Latin prūnum. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈpluː.me/ Rhymes: -uː.me === Noun === plūme f plum plum tree ==== Declension ==== Weak n-stem: ==== Derived terms ==== ==== Descendants ==== Middle English: plomme, ploume, plum, plumbe, plumme, plowme, ploumme, plomeEnglish: plum (see there for further descendants)Scots: ploom, ploum → Irish: pluma == Old French == === Etymology === From Latin plūma. === Noun === plume oblique singular, f (oblique plural plumes, nominative singular plume, nominative plural plumes) feather, plume ==== Descendants ==== Middle French: plume French: plumeHaitian Creole: plim→ Rade: plim→ Swedish: plym Norman: (Jersey) plieunme, (Guernsey) plleume Walloon: plome → Middle English: plume English: plume