pilus

== Translingual == == English == === Etymology === Learned borrowing from Latin pilus (“hair”). Doublet of pile. === Pronunciation === enPR: pī′ləs (Received Pronunciation, General American, Canada) IPA(key): /ˈpaɪ̯.ləs/; (also Received Pronunciation) /ˈpʌɪ̯.ləs/ (General Australian, New Zealand) IPA(key): /ˈpɑe̯.ləs/ (Scotland) IPA(key): /ˈpʌi̯.ləs/, /ˈpəi̯-/, /-lʌs/ (India) IPA(key): /ˈpəj.lus/, /ˈpɑːj.lus/ Rhymes: -aɪləs Hyphenation: pi‧lus === Noun === pilus (plural pili) (biology) A hair. (microbiology) A hairlike appendage found on the cell surface of many bacteria. Synonym: fimbria (biochemistry) A bacterial protein that has several biochemical functions. ==== Derived terms ==== === See also === flagellum === Anagrams === Pulis, pulis, pusil == Dutch == === Noun === pilus m (plural pili, no diminutive) pilus (bacterial appendage) == Estonian == === Noun === pilus inessive singular of pilu == Latin == === Etymology 1 === Uncertain. Older sources reconstruct Proto-Indo-European *pilo- (“hair”), with Latin pilleus (“felt cap”), Ancient Greek πῖλος (pîlos, “wool or hair wrought into felt”), Proto-Slavic *pь̑lstъ (“felt”) as cognates, but this is no longer accepted. ==== Pronunciation ==== (Classical Latin) IPA(key): [ˈpɪ.ɫʊs] (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): [ˈpiː.lus] Hyphenation: pi‧lus ==== Noun ==== pilus m (genitive pilī); second declension (literally, anatomy) a hair Synonym: capillus (figuratively) an insignificant amount; iota; least amount ===== Declension ===== Second-declension noun. ===== Derived terms ===== ===== Descendants ===== ==== References ==== === Etymology 2 === From pīlum (“javelin”). ==== Pronunciation ==== (Classical Latin) IPA(key): [ˈpiː.ɫʊs] (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): [ˈpiː.lus] Hyphenation: pī‧lus ==== Noun ==== pīlus m (genitive pīlī); second declension a maniple of the triāriī; a reserve company of veteran soldiers Synonym: pīlum ===== Declension ===== Second-declension noun. ===== Derived terms ===== === Further reading === “pĭlus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press “pīlus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press pilus in Georges, Karl Ernst; Georges, Heinrich (1913–1918), Ausführliches lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch, 8th edition, volume 2, Hahnsche Buchhandlung, column 1708 R. E. Latham, D. R. Howlett, & R. K. Ashdowne, editors (1975–2013), “pilus”, in Dictionary of Medieval Latin from British Sources‎[2], London: Oxford University Press for the British Academy, →ISBN, →OCLC “pilus”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette, page 1181. Harm Pinkster, editor (2018), “pilus”, in Woordenboek Latijn/Nederlands‎[3], 7th revised edition, Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, →ISBN, →OCLC Latino-Sinicum [translated as: 毛 (máo); 絲毫之事/丝毫之事; Primus pilus translated as: 初短鎗兵之隊/初短枪兵之队; Pili facere translated as: 看輕／看轻 (kànqīng); 藐視／藐视 (miǎoshì)], in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011 "PILUS", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887) “pilus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers “pīlus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers