perpendicular

== English == === Etymology === Derived from Middle French perpendiculaire, from Old French perpendiculer, from Latin perpendiculum (“plumb line”). === Pronunciation === (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ˌpɜː.pənˈdɪk.jə.lə(ɹ)/ enPR: pû"pəndĭ'kyələ(r), (General American, Canada) IPA(key): /ˌpɝ.pənˈdɪk.ju.lɚ/, /ˌpɝ.pənˈdɪk.jə.lɚ/ (General Australian) IPA(key): /ˌpɜː.pənˈdɪk.jə.lə(ɹ)/ (New Zealand) IPA(key): /ˌpøː.pənˈdək.jə.lə(ɹ)/ Rhymes: -ɪkjʊlə(ɹ) === Adjective === perpendicular (comparative more perpendicular, superlative most perpendicular) (geometry) At or forming a right angle (to something). Synonyms: normal, orthogonal Exactly upright; extending in a straight line toward the centre of the earth, etc. Independent of or irrelevant to each other; orthogonal. ==== Derived terms ==== ==== Translations ==== === Noun === perpendicular (plural perpendiculars) (geometry) A line or plane that is perpendicular to another. A device such as a plumb line that is used in making or marking a perpendicular line. (obsolete, slang) A meal eaten at a tavern bar while standing up. ==== Translations ==== === See also === ⟂ (This symbol can be pronounced “perp” when used as a subscript of a letter representing a vector.) == Catalan == === Etymology === Borrowed from Late Latin perpendiculāris, from perpendiculum. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): (Northern, Central) [pər.pən.di.kuˈlar] IPA(key): (Balearic) [pər.pən.di.kuˈla] IPA(key): (Valencia) [peɾ.pen.di.kuˈlaɾ] IPA(key): (Northwestern) [per.pen.di.kuˈlar] === Adjective === perpendicular m or f (masculine and feminine plural perpendiculars) perpendicular ==== Derived terms ==== perpendicularment === Noun === perpendicular f (plural perpendiculars) perpendicular === Further reading === “perpendicular”, in Diccionari de la llengua catalana [Dictionary of the Catalan Language] (in Catalan), second edition, Institute of Catalan Studies [Catalan: Institut d'Estudis Catalans], April 2007 “perpendicular”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2026 “perpendicular” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua. Alcover, Antoni Maria; Moll, Francesc de Borja (1963), “perpendicular”, in Diccionari català-valencià-balear (in Catalan) == Portuguese == === Etymology === Borrowed from Late Latin perpendiculāris, from perpendiculum. === Pronunciation === Hyphenation: per‧pen‧di‧cu‧lar === Adjective === perpendicular m or f (plural perpendiculares) perpendicular === Noun === perpendicular f (plural perpendiculares) perpendicular ==== Derived terms ==== === Further reading === “perpendicular”, in Dicionário Aulete Digital (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon Editora Digital, 2008–2026 “perpendicular”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2026 == Romanian == === Etymology === Borrowed from French perpendiculaire. === Noun === perpendicular f (plural perpendiculare) perpendicular ==== Declension ==== == Spanish == === Etymology === Borrowed from Late Latin perpendiculāris, from perpendiculum. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /peɾpendikuˈlaɾ/ [peɾ.pẽn̪.d̪i.kuˈlaɾ] Rhymes: -aɾ Syllabification: per‧pen‧di‧cu‧lar === Adjective === perpendicular m or f (masculine and feminine plural perpendiculares) perpendicular ==== Derived terms ==== === Further reading === “perpendicular”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8.1, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 15 December 2025