perestroika

== English == === Etymology === Borrowed from Russian перестро́йка (perestrójka, “restructuring”). === Pronunciation === (US) IPA(key): /pɛɹ.ɪˈstɹɔɪ.kə/ === Noun === perestroika (countable and uncountable, plural perestroikas) (historical, uncountable) A program of political and economic reform carried out in the Soviet Union in the 1980s and early 1990s under the leadership of Mikhail Gorbachev. (historical, uncountable) The period of time in the Soviet Union during which these reforms were carried out and in effect. (countable, singularity theory) A situation where a small variation of parameters leads to a sudden change in properties. ==== Derived terms ==== antiperestroika Perestroikan Salinastroika ==== Translations ==== ==== See also ==== doi moi glasnost == Finnish == === Etymology === Borrowed from Russian перестро́йка (perestrójka). === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈperestroi̯kɑ/, [ˈpe̞re̞s̠ˌtro̞i̯kɑ̝] Rhymes: -oikɑ Syllabification(key): pe‧rest‧roi‧ka Hyphenation(key): pe‧rest‧roi‧ka === Noun === perestroika (historical) perestroika ==== Declension ==== === Further reading === “perestroika”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎[2] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 3 July 2023 == Portuguese == === Pronunciation === === Noun === perestroika f (plural perestroikas) perestroika (reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s) === Further reading === “perestroika”, in Dicionário Aulete Digital (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon Editora Digital, 2008–2026 “perestroika”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2026 == Spanish == === Etymology === Borrowed from Russian перестро́йка (perestrójka, “restructuring”). === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /peɾesˈtɾoika/ [pe.ɾesˈt̪ɾoi̯.ka] Rhymes: -oika Syllabification: pe‧res‧troi‧ka === Noun === perestroika f (uncountable) (historical) perestroika === Further reading === “perestroika”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8.1, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 15 December 2025