penuria

== Italian == === Etymology === From Latin pēnūria. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /peˈnu.rja/ Rhymes: -urja Hyphenation: pe‧nù‧ria === Noun === penuria f (plural penurie) shortage, lack, scarcity, scarceness Synonyms: scarsità, mancanza === Further reading === penuria in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana penuria in garzantilinguistica.it – Garzanti Linguistica, De Agostini Scuola Spa === Anagrams === pianure, prunaie, unipare == Latin == === Alternative forms === paenūria === Etymology === Perhaps related to paene (“almost”). === Pronunciation === (Classical Latin) IPA(key): [peːˈnuː.ri.a] (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): [peˈnuː.ri.a] === Noun === pēnūria f (genitive pēnūriae); first declension want, need, scarcity Synonyms: egestās, paupertās, dēsīderium, necessitās, inopia, indigentia, ūsus, opus, angustia Antonyms: dīvitiae, opulentia ==== Declension ==== First-declension noun. ==== Descendants ==== English: penury French: pénurie Italian: penuria Portuguese: penúria Romanian: penurie Sicilian: pinùria Spanish: penuria === References === === Further reading === “penuria”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press “penuria”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers “penuria”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette. == Spanish == === Etymology === From Latin pēnūria. Cognate with English penury. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /peˈnuɾja/ [peˈnu.ɾja] Rhymes: -uɾja Syllabification: pe‧nu‧ria === Noun === penuria f (plural penurias) hardship (financial), penury shortage, lack, dearth Synonyms: escasez, falta === Further reading === “penuria”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8.1, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 15 December 2025