peng- -an

== Indonesian == === Alternative forms === (depending on the following consonant) pem- -an peny- -an pen- -an pe- -an === Etymology === Inherited from Malay peng- -an. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /pəŋ an/ === Circumfix === peng- -an the action expressed by the transitive verb [base]; -ing, -ment, -ation ‎terjemah (“to translate”) → ‎penerjemahan (“translation (process)”) ‎tulis (“to write”) → ‎penulisan (“writing”) ‎serah (“to hand over”) → ‎penyerahan (“surrendering”) the object of an action [base]; -ledge, -ery, -ory, -age ‎tahu (“to know”) → ‎pengetahuan (“knowledge”) ‎temu (“to meet, to encounter”) → ‎penemuan (“discovery”) the place of an action [base]; -ery, -ory, -age ‎bakar (“to burn”) → ‎pembakaran (“burning place”) ‎cuci (“to wash”) → ‎pencucian (“laundry”) ‎giling (“to roll”) → ‎penggilingan (“mill”) ==== Derived terms ==== === References === Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa (2017), Tata Bahasa Baku Bahasa Indonesia [Standard Grammar of Indonesian Language]‎[1] (in Indonesian), 4 edition, Jakarta: Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, →ISBN, archived from the original on 13 June 2022 James N. Sneddon (2010), Indonesian : a comprehensive grammar, 2 edition, London: Roultedge, →ISBN, →OCLC == Malay == === Etymology === Combination of affixes peng- and -an. === Pronunciation === (before /l/, /m/, /n/, /ŋ/, /ɲ/, /r/, /w/, /j/) IPA(key): /pə an/ (before /b/, /p/, /f/) IPA(key): /pəm an/ (before /t͡ʃ/, /d/, /d͡ʒ/, /t/, /z/) IPA(key): /pən an/ (before /ɡ/, /h/, /k/, vowels) IPA(key): /pəŋ an/ (before /s/) IPA(key): /pəɲ an/ (before monosyllabic roots) IPA(key): /pəŋə an/ === Circumfix === peng- -an (Jawi spelling ڤڠـ ـن) the action expressed by the transitive verb [base] ‎terjemah (“to translate”) → ‎penerjemahan (“translation (process)”) ‎tulis (“to write”) → ‎penulisan (“writing”) ‎serah (“to hand over”) → ‎penyerahan (“surrendering”) the object of an action [base] ‎tahu (“to know”) → ‎pengetahuan (“knowledge”) ‎temu (“to meet, to encounter”) → ‎penemuan (“discovery”) the place of an action [base] ‎gantung (“to hang”) → ‎penggantungan (“hanging place”) ‎cuci (“to wash”) → ‎pencucian (“laundry”) ‎darat (“land”) → ‎pendaratan (“landing place”) ==== Derived terms ==== === References === Karim, Nik Safiah; M. Onn, Farid; Haji Musa, Hashim; Mahmood, Abdul Hamid (2008), Tatabahasa Dewan‎[2] (in Malay), 3 edition, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, →ISBN, pages 121–126