panpsychism

== English == === Alternative forms === pampsychism === Etymology === From pan- +‎ psychism, a calque of German Panpsychismus (1874), from New Latin pampsychia coined by Francisco Patrizi in his 1591 Nova de Universis Philosophia, from Ancient Greek πᾰν- (păn-, “all”) + ψυχή (psukhḗ, “mind, life force, soul”) + -ία (-ía, “-ia: forming abstract nouns”). Cognate with Ancient Greek πάμψυχος (pámpsukhos, “in full life”) and Modern Greek παμψυχισμός (pampsychismós, “panpsychism”). === Pronunciation === (General American) IPA(key): /pænˈsaɪˌkɪzəm/, /pænˈsaɪˌkɪzm/ (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /panˈsʌɪkɪzm/, /panˈsʌɪkɪzəm/ === Noun === panpsychism (countable and uncountable, plural panpsychisms) (uncountable) The belief that all matter is conscious in some form. (uncountable) Synonym of panexperientialism, the particular form of panpsychism that holds experience but not cognition as universal. (countable) A particular form of panpsychism. ==== Usage notes ==== Contemporary scholars discussing the philosophy of mind often distinguish panpsychism in their work from the following beliefs that, strictly speaking, might otherwise be considered to fall under its general definition: pancognitivism, the belief that all matter possesses cognition in some form, common in early forms of panpsychism or its more general conception animism, the belief that all matter possesses or is inhabited by more or less anthropomorphic spirits, common to many traditional religions pantheism, the belief that all matter possesses or is part of a single God or similar single divine principle such as a world soul, common in mysticism panentheism, the belief that all matter includes or interacts in some way with a single God or similar single divine principle that somehow transcends physical reality pansensism and hylopathism, beliefs holding that all matter is able to sense its surroundings in some form hylozoism, panbiotism, and panzoism, beliefs holding that all matter is alive in some form ==== Hyponyms ==== (general): panexperientialism, pancognitivism, hylopathism ==== Coordinate terms ==== (belief that all matter is conscious in some way): emergentism (belief that all matter experiences in some way): pancognitivism ==== Related terms ==== ==== Translations ==== === References === “panpsychism, n.”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, launched 2000. === Further reading === emergentism on Wikipedia.Wikipedia reductionism on Wikipedia.Wikipedia philosophy of mind on Wikipedia.Wikipedia