paene

== Latin == === Etymology === Possibly from the same root as patior (“to suffer”); this may be Proto-Indo-European *peh₂-(i)- (“to hurt”) (this is supported by Pokorny), but its standard reconstruction as *peh₁-(i)- (or *peh₁y-) creates phonetic problems for the Latin. Neri (2007), following Vine, derives it Proto-Indo-European *p(e)-ai-ni- (“not entirely; from whom has been taken away; who takes away”), from *pe- (“away”) + *h₁ai- (“to take, give”), but this is doubtful since a PIE *h₁ai- sequence is phonologically invalid and the preverb *pe- (“away”) is itself uncertain. So, the etymology is unresolved. The original meaning was likely “lacking, missing” (> “falling short”), as preserved in the related words paeniteō (“to cause dissatisfaction/regret”) and paenūria (“shortage”). === Pronunciation === (Classical Latin) IPA(key): [ˈpae̯.nɛ] (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): [ˈpɛː.ne] === Adverb === paene (superlative paenissimē) almost, nearly Synonyms: prope, fermē, ferē, iū̆xtā (with negative) scarcely, hardly, barely ==== Derived terms ==== paenīnsula paenultimus paenumbra (New Latin) ==== Related terms ==== paenitō paenūria ==== Descendants ==== Aromanian: pãnã, pãn Romanian: până → English: pene- === References === === Further reading === “paene”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press “paene”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers “paene”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette. Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎[1], London: Macmillan and Co. paene in Ramminger, Johann (16 July 2016 (last accessed)), Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎[2], pre-publication website, 2005-2016