orthography

== English == === Etymology === The noun is derived from Late Middle English ortografie, ortographie (“spelling”) [and other forms], and then either: from Anglo-Norman ortografie, Middle French orthographie, ortografie, ortographie (“correct spelling; orthographic projection”) (compare Old French ortografie; modern French orthographe (“spelling, orthography”), orthographie (“orthographic project, orthography”)); or from their etymon Latin orthographia (“correct spelling; building elevation”), from Koine Greek ὀρθογραφία (orthographía, “correct spelling”), from Ancient Greek ορθο- (ortho-, prefix meaning ‘right, proper; upright’) (from ὀρθός (orthós, “straight; erect, upright; correct, true”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₃erdʰ- (“to grow, increase; high; upright”)) + -γραφίᾱ (-graphíā, suffix meaning ‘drawing; writing’) (from γρᾰ́φω (grắphō, “to cut into, scratch; to write”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gerbʰ- (“to carve”)). The English word is analyzable as ortho- (prefix meaning ‘proper, right; straight’) +‎ -graphy (suffix denoting something written or otherwise represented in a specified manner, or about a specified subject). The verb is derived from the noun. First use appears before c. 1460. === Pronunciation === (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ɔːˈθɒɡɹəfi/ (General American) enPR: ôrthäʹgrəfē, IPA(key): /ɔɹˈθɑɡɹəfi/ Rhymes: -ɒɡɹəfi Hyphenation: or‧tho‧gra‧phy === Noun === orthography (countable and uncountable, plural orthographies) (linguistics) (countable) A method of representing a language or the sounds of language by written symbols; spelling. (countable, more broadly) A set of conventions for writing a language, including norms of spelling, capitalization, emphasis, hyphenation, punctuation, and word breaks. (uncountable) The aspect of language study concerned with letters and their sequences in words; the study of spelling. (uncountable) Correct spelling according to established usage; also (obsolete) pronunciation according to the spelling of a word. Antonym: cacography (countable, architecture) A form of projection used to represent three-dimensional objects in two dimensions, in which all the projection lines are orthogonal or perpendicular to the projection plane; an orthographic projection, especially when used to draw an elevation, vertical projection, etc., of a building; also (obsolete) a drawing made in this way. Antonym: oblique projection (countable, obsolete) Synonym of orthographer (“someone knowledgeable in spelling rules”). ==== Coordinate terms ==== orthoepy ==== Derived terms ==== ==== Related terms ==== ==== Translations ==== === Verb === orthography (third-person singular simple present orthographies, present participle orthographying, simple past and past participle orthographied) (transitive, rare, archaic) To spell (words) or write (text) according to established usage. ==== Translations ==== === References === === Further reading === orthography on Wikipedia.Wikipedia orthographic projection on Wikipedia.Wikipedia