orthogonal

== English == === Etymology === From Middle French orthogonal, in turn from Medieval Latin orthogōnālis and Latin orthogōnius (“right-angled”), ultimately from Ancient Greek ὀρθογώνιος (orthogṓnios, “rectangular”). By surface analysis, ortho- +‎ -gon +‎ -al. === Pronunciation === (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ɔːˈθɒɡ.ə.nəl/ (General American, dialects of Canada) IPA(key): /ɔɹˈθɑ.ɡə.nəl/ (Canada, dialects of the US) IPA(key): /ɔɹˈθɒɡ.ə.nəl/ (General Australian) IPA(key): /oːˈθɔɡ.ə.nəl/ (New Zealand) IPA(key): /oːˈθɒɡ.ə.nəl/, [oːˈθɔ̟ɡ.ə.nəl] === Adjective === orthogonal (not comparable) (geometry) Of two objects, at right angles; perpendicular to each other. (mathematics) Of a pair of vectors: having a zero inner product; perpendicular. Of a square matrix: such that its transpose is equal to its inverse. Of a linear transformation: preserving its angles. Of grid graphs, board games and polyominoes: vertical or horizontal but not diagonal. Of a pair of elements in an ortholattice: each less than or equal to the orthocomplement of the other. (statistics) Statistically independent, with reference to variates. (software engineering) Of two or more aspects of a problem, able to be treated separately; of a design, exhibiting consistency and composability. Of two or more problems or subjects, independent of or irrelevant to each other. ==== Derived terms ==== ==== Related terms ==== ==== Translations ==== === Noun === orthogonal (plural orthogonals) An orthogonal line. === See also === uncorrelated === References === == French == === Etymology === Borrowed from Medieval Latin orthogōnālis, from Latin orthogōnius (“right-angled”). === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ɔʁ.to.ɡo.nal/ === Adjective === orthogonal (feminine orthogonale, masculine plural orthogonaux, feminine plural orthogonales) orthogonal ==== Derived terms ==== orthogonalement === Further reading === “orthogonal”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012 == German == === Etymology === From Medieval Latin orthogonalis, from Latin orthogonius (“right-angled”). === Pronunciation === Rhymes: -aːl === Adjective === orthogonal (strong nominative masculine singular orthogonaler, not comparable) orthogonal Synonym: senkrecht ==== Declension ==== === Further reading === “orthogonal” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache “orthogonal” in Uni Leipzig: Wortschatz-Lexikon