orc

== Translingual == === Etymology === Clipping of English Orma with c as a placeholder. === Symbol === orc (international standards) ISO 639-3 language code for Orma. === See also === Wiktionary’s coverage of Orma terms == English == === Pronunciation === (General American) IPA(key): /ɔɹk/ (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ɔːk/ Rhymes: -ɔː(ɹ)k Homophones: ork; awk, auk (non-rhotic) === Etymology 1 === From Middle French orque, Italian orca, and their source, Latin orca (“type of whale”). Doublet of orca. ==== Noun ==== orc (plural orcs) (archaic) Any of several large, ferocious sea creatures, now especially the killer whale. [from 16th c.] ===== Alternative forms ===== ork (obsolete) ===== Translations ===== === Etymology 2 === Probably from Italian orco (“man-eating giant”); later revived by J. R. R. Tolkien, partly after Old English orc, which he took to mean "demon". Both are from Latin Orcus (“the underworld; the god Pluto”). Doublet of ogre and Orcus. Sense 2 is a semantic loan from Ukrainian орк (ork, “evil monstrous humanoid creature; orc”) or Russian орк (ork), both from English orc and possibly under the influence of Russian у́рка (úrka, “criminal”, prison slang). Popularized in English in 2022, following the Russian invasion of Ukraine. ==== Noun ==== orc (plural orcs) (fantasy, mythology) A mythical evil monstrous humanoid creature, usually quite aggressive and often green. [from 17th c.] Hypernym: greenskin 1834, "The National Fairy Mythology of England" in Fraser's Magazine for Town and Country, Vol. 10, p. 53: The chief exploit of the hero, Beowulf the Great, is the destruction of the two monsters Grendel and his mother; both like most of the evil beings in the old times, dwellers in the fens and the waters; and both, moreover, as some Christian bard has taken care to inform us, of "Cain's kin," as were also the eotens, and the elves, and the orcs (eótenas, and ylfe, and orcneas). (slang, derogatory) A Russian soldier or gangster. For more quotations using this term, see Citations:orc. (by extension, Internet slang, ethnic slur) A Russian person. ===== Alternative forms ===== ork ===== Derived terms ===== (sense 1) (senses 2 and 3) ===== Descendants ===== Some listed may be semantic loans. ===== Translations ===== ===== See also ===== ogre goblin troll Nork === Anagrams === R.O.C., CoR, cro, cor-, roc, Cor., OCR, CRO, RoC, cor., R. O. C., COR, ROC, cor == Catalan == === Noun === orc m (plural orcs) an orc == Old English == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ork/, [orˠk] === Etymology 1 === From Proto-West Germanic *ork. ==== Noun ==== orc m (nominative plural orcas) cup, tankard ===== Declension ===== Strong a-stem: === Etymology 2 === From Latin Orcus (“the underworld; the god Pluto”). ==== Noun ==== orc m hell a demon ===== Usage notes ===== The sense "demon" is uncertain. Two ambiguous occurrences of orc, one in the plural compound word orcneas in Beowulf (singular *orcnē, where *nē means "corpse", as in dryhtnē) and the other in a glossary which glosses Latin Orcus as "orc. þyrs ꝉ hel deofol", have been interpreted to mean "demon" (including by the OED), and Tolkien held this interpretation when he revived the word with a similar sense in modern English, matching some of the Romance descendants of Orcus. However, it has been argued that this is a misunderstanding and that both instances are of the other sense, "hell". ===== Declension ===== Strong a-stem: ===== Derived terms ===== orcen orcnēas orcþyrs === References === == Old Irish == === Etymology === From Proto-Celtic *ɸorkos, from Proto-Indo-European *pórḱos. Cognate with Latin porcus and English farrow. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈoɾk/ === Noun === orc m piglet Synonym: banb ==== Declension ==== ==== Descendants ==== Middle Irish: orc Irish: arc Manx: ark Scottish Gaelic: arc ⇒ Irish: arcán, uircín ⇒ Scottish Gaelic: arcan, uircean === Mutation === === References === Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “orc”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language == Portuguese == === Etymology === Unadapted borrowing from English orc. Doublet of ogro and orco. === Pronunciation === === Noun === orc m (plural orcs) (fantasy) orc (evil, monstrous humanoid creature) Synonym: orco == Romanian == === Adverb === orc (Internet slang, text messaging) abbreviation of oricum (“either way, anyway, anyhow”)