ngoại giao

== Vietnamese == === Alternative forms === ngoại-giao === Etymology === Sino-Vietnamese word from 外交, composed of 外 (“outside”) and 交 (“to exchange”), from Japanese 外交 (gaikō), either clipped from earlier 外国交際 (gaikoku kōsai, ngoại quốc giao tế, literally “intercourse with foreign countries”), a Meiji-era coinage, or merely repurposed from Literary Chinese 外交 (wàijiāo). Literary Chinese 外交 (wàijiāo) meant something to the effect of "international relations," rather than the purposeful management of such relations that constitutes "diplomacy" conveyed by Japanese 外交. The "foreign affairs" sense was borrowed from Chinese 外交 (wàijiāo), as in 外交部 (Ngoại giao bộ, “Ministry of Foreign Affairs”). The Japanese government uses Japanese 外務 (gaimu), as in 外務省 (Gaimushō), and its Vietnamese cognate, ngoại vụ, is used for provincial Sở Ngoại vụ (“Departments of Foreign Affairs”) subordinate to Bộ Ngoại giao (“the Ministry of Foreign Affairs”). Compare South Korean 외교부 (Oegyobu). See also quốc tế. === Pronunciation === (Hà Nội) IPA(key): [ŋwaːj˧˨ʔ zaːw˧˧] (Huế) IPA(key): [ŋwaːj˨˩ʔ jaːw˧˧] (Saigon) IPA(key): [ŋwaːj˨˩˨ jaːw˧˧] === Noun === ngoại giao diplomacy nhà ngoại giao ― a diplomat (of a central ministry or ministry-level department) foreign affairs Coordinate term: ngoại vụ === See also === đối ngoại