nfr

== Translingual == === Etymology === Abbreviation of English Nafaanra. === Symbol === nfr (international standards) ISO 639-3 language code for Nafaanra. === See also === Wiktionary’s coverage of Nafaanra terms == Egyptian == === Etymology === Possibly from Proto-Afroasiatic *fir- (“to be good”) with an additional *nV- prefix. Compare also Tamahaq ⵉⴼⵔⴰⵔ (ifrar, “best”) and Saho feer (“good”). === Pronunciation === (modern Egyptological) IPA(key): /nɛfɛr/ Conventional anglicization: nefer === Verb === 3-lit. (intransitive) to be(come) of superior or admirable quality, to be(come) fine, good, or wonderful 12th Dynasty, coffin of Nakhtankh, British Museum EA 35285: (intransitive) to be(come) pleasant or gratifying to the senses (intransitive) to be(come) beautiful or fair, to look good (intransitive, of scents and flowers) to smell good (intransitive, of food and drinks) to taste good (intransitive, of periods of time) to be(come) pleasant or enjoyable to live through (intransitive, of people) to acquire or have good or pleasant qualities, to be capable, agreeable, or benevolent (intransitive, of work) to be done well or competently (intransitive, of medicine) to be(come) effective (intransitive, of names) to acquire or have a good reputation ==== Inflection ==== ==== Alternative forms ==== ==== Derived terms ==== === Adjective === perfective active participle of nfr: fine, beautiful, pleasant, etc. ==== Inflection ==== Along with bjn and ꜥꜣ, nfr is one of the few Egyptian adjectives that continued to show remnants of gender and number inflection into Late Egyptian (and beyond). ==== Alternative forms ==== See the ‘Alternative forms’ section under the verb above. ==== Derived terms ==== See the ‘Derived terms’ under the verb above. ==== Descendants ==== Demotic Egyptian: nfr Akhmimic Coptic: ⲛⲟⲩϥⲉ (noufe) Bohairic Coptic: ⲛⲟⲩϥⲓ (noufi) Fayyumic Coptic: ⲛⲟⲩϥⲓ (noufi) Lycopolitan Coptic: ⲛⲟⲩϥⲉ (noufe) Sahidic Coptic: ⲛⲟⲩϥⲉ (noufe) Old Coptic: ⲛⲟⲩϥⲉ (noufe) Sahidic Coptic: ⲛⲟⲩϥⲉ (noufe) === Noun === m fine or good person (with following genitive) benefactor (of someone), welldoer (with following plural genitive) the best (person) among…, the best one of… ==== Inflection ==== ==== Alternative forms ==== See the ‘Alternative forms’ section under the verb above. ==== Derived terms ==== === Noun === m good, goodness, pleasingness (in opposition to bjn) good qualities or deeds (of a person) something fine, good, beautiful, pleasing ==== Alternative forms ==== ==== Derived terms ==== === Interjection === good, sure, fine correct, that’s right === Adverb === well ==== Alternative forms ==== See the ‘Alternative forms’ section under the verb above. === Particle === proclitic not even, not at all ==== Usage notes ==== In Middle Egyptian, this particle is found only in the constructions nfr pw, nfr n, and nfr ꜣ. ==== Alternative forms ==== ==== Derived terms ==== ==== Related terms ==== === References === Erman, Adolf; Grapow, Hermann (1928), Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎[1], volume 2, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 253.1–256.15, 257.12–257.15, 258.11–258.17 James P[eter] Allen (2010), Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 94–95, 194–195. Hoch, James (1997), Middle Egyptian Grammar, Mississauga: Benben Publications, →ISBN, page 42