mass

== English == === Etymology 1 === In late Middle English (circa 1400) as masse in the sense of "lump, quantity of matter", from Anglo-Norman masse, in Old French attested from the 11th century, via late Latin massa (“lump, dough”), from Ancient Greek μᾶζα (mâza, “barley-cake, lump (of dough)”). The Greek noun may be derived from the verb μάσσω (mássō, “to knead”), ultimately from a Proto-Indo-European *maǵ- (“to oil, knead”), although this is uncertain. Doublet of masa. The sense of "a large number or quantity" arises circa 1580. The scientific sense is from 1687 (as Latin massa) in the works of Isaac Newton, with the first English use (as mass) occurring in 1704. ==== Pronunciation ==== (Received Pronunciation, US, Australian) IPA(key): /mæs/ (Standard Southern British, Northern England, Scotland, Wales) IPA(key): /mas/ (New Zealand) IPA(key): /mɛs/ Rhymes: -æs (Hong Kong) IPA(key): /mɑːs/ Rhymes: -ɑːs ==== Noun ==== mass (countable and uncountable, plural masses) (physical) Matter, material. A quantity of matter cohering so as to make one body, or an aggregation of particles or things which collectively make one body or quantity, usually of considerable size. (obsolete) Precious metal, especially gold or silver. (physics) A measure of the inertia of a mass of matter, one of four fundamental properties of matter. SI unit of mass: kilogram. (pharmacology) A medicinal substance made into a cohesive, homogeneous lump, of consistency suitable for making pills. (medicine) A palpable or visible abnormal globular structure. Hyponyms: tumor, neoplasm Near-synonym: lump (bodybuilding) Excess body mass, especially in the form of muscle hypertrophy. A large quantity; a sum. Bulk; magnitude; body; size. The principal part; the main body. A large body of individuals, especially persons. (in the plural) The lower classes of persons. ===== Coordinate terms ===== (matter): weight ===== Derived terms ===== ===== Translations ===== ===== See also ===== Customary units: slug, pound, ounce, long ton (1.12 short tons), short ton (commonly used) Metric units: gram (g), kilogram (kg), metric ton ==== Verb ==== mass (third-person singular simple present masses, present participle massing, simple past and past participle massed) (ergative) To form or collect into a mass; to form into a collective body; to assemble. ===== Synonyms ===== (to form into a mass): See also Thesaurus:assemble (to collect into a mass): See also Thesaurus:coalesce or Thesaurus:round up (to have a certain mass): weigh ===== Translations ===== ==== Adjective ==== mass (not generally comparable, comparative masser, superlative massest) Involving a mass of things; concerning a large quantity or number. Involving a mass of people; of, for, or by the masses. ===== Derived terms ===== ===== Translations ===== ==== Descendants ==== →? Tamil: மாஸ் (mās) ==== References ==== === Etymology 2 === From Middle English messe, masse, from Old English mæsse (“the mass, church festival”) and Old French messe, from Vulgar Latin *messa (“Eucharist, dismissal”), from Late Latin missa, noun use of feminine past participle of classical Latin mittere (“to send”), from ite, missa est (“go, (the assembly) is dismissed”), reanalyzed as "go, [that] is the missa", last words of the Roman Rite of the Catholic Church. Compare Dutch mis (“mass”), German Messe (“mass”), Danish messe (“mass”), Swedish mässa (“mass; expo”), Icelandic messa (“mass”). More at mission. ==== Pronunciation ==== (US) IPA(key): /mæs/ (UK, Singapore) IPA(key): /mæs/, /mɑːs/ Rhymes: -æs Rhymes: -ɑːs ==== Noun ==== mass (plural masses) (Christianity) The Eucharist, now especially in Roman Catholicism. (Christianity) Celebration of the Eucharist. (Christianity, by extension) The main kind of church service, in some denominations. Hypernym: church service (Christianity, usually as the Mass) The sacrament of the Eucharist. A musical setting of parts of the mass. ===== Derived terms ===== ===== Translations ===== ==== Verb ==== mass (third-person singular simple present masses, present participle massing, simple past and past participle massed) (intransitive, obsolete) To celebrate mass. ===== Translations ===== ==== Further reading ==== “mass”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC. William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin Eli Smith, editors (1895–1910), “mass”, in The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia: […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC. === Anagrams === Sams, SAMs, MSAs, sams, SMAs, MSSA, SMSA, ASMS, ASMs == Old Irish == === Etymology 1 === From Latin massa, from Ancient Greek μᾶζα (mâza). ==== Noun ==== mass f mass, matter ===== Declension ===== ===== Descendants ===== Irish: mais Scottish Gaelic: mais ==== Further reading ==== Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 mass”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language === Etymology 2 === ==== Adjective ==== mass goodly, handsome, beautiful ===== Declension ===== ===== Derived terms ===== maisse ==== Further reading ==== Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “2 mass”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language === Mutation === == Swedish == === Noun === mass c (Småland dialect) pronunciation spelling of mars (“March”) == Võro == === Etymology 1 === From Proto-Finnic *maksa, from Proto-Uralic *mëksa. ==== Noun ==== mass (genitive massa, partitive massa) liver ===== Inflection ===== This noun needs an inflection-table template. === Etymology 2 === From Proto-Finnic *maksu. Related to Estonian maks. ==== Noun ==== mass (genitive massu, partitive massu) tax, payment ===== Inflection ===== This noun needs an inflection-table template.