malum

== English == === Etymology 1 === From Latin malum. ==== Pronunciation ==== enPR: mälʹəm, IPA(key): /ˈmæ.ləm/ ==== Noun ==== malum (plural malums) (formal) An evil or wrongdoing. ===== Related terms ===== mal malus malum in se malum prohibitum ==== References ==== “malum”, in OneLook Dictionary Search. William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin Eli Smith, editors (1895–1910), “malum”, in The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia: […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC. === Etymology 2 === Related to Arabic مُعَلِّم (muʕallim, “teacher”). ==== Noun ==== malum (plural malums) (India, nautical, historical) The mate serving on a ship with English officers and native crew. ===== Alternative forms ===== malumi ==== References ==== Henry Yule; A[rthur] C[oke] Burnell (1903), “malum”, in William Crooke, editor, Hobson-Jobson […] , London: John Murray, […]. === Anagrams === Mulam == Latin == === Etymology 1 === From malus (“evil, wicked”). ==== Pronunciation ==== (Classical Latin) IPA(key): [ˈma.ɫũː] (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): [ˈmaː.lum] ==== Adjective ==== malum inflection of malus: nominative/accusative/vocative neuter singular accusative masculine singular ==== Noun ==== malum n (genitive malī); second declension evil, adversity, hardship, misfortune, calamity, disaster, mischief Synonyms: plāga, īnfortūnium, calamitās, cāsus, cruciātus, miseria, vulnus, nūbēs, pestis punishment, harm, injury, torment, misery Synonyms: cruciātus, pūnītiō, mercēs, poena, supplicium, vindicātiō, vindicta, animadversus, exemplum, sānctiō, pretium, noxa disease, illness, infirmity Synonyms: aegritūdō, morbus, pestis, valētūdō, labor, infirmitas, incommodum Antonyms: salūs, valētūdō wrong-doing Synonyms: culpa, dēlīctum, peccātum, scelus, vitium, noxa, crīmen, facinus, iniūria, error, dēlinquentia, maleficium Antonyms: bonum, rēctum, virtūs (in the plural) bad words ===== Declension ===== Second-declension noun (neuter). ===== Descendants ===== French: mal Italian: malo Spanish: malo → English: malum ==== Interjection ==== malum damn!, fuck!, alas!, misery! ==== Related terms ==== malē malus === Etymology 2 === Perhaps borrowed from Doric Greek μᾶλον (mâlon, “apple”). Alternatively but less likely from Proto-Indo-European *méh₂lom. The Proto-Indo-European form regularly gives both mālum in Latin and μῆλον in Ancient Greek, but such reconstruction is dubious due to the fact that it is only found in some Indo-European languages. It is more likely that the Greek word was borrowed from a pre-Indo-European substratum and later borrowed into Latin. See μῆλον for more details. ==== Alternative forms ==== mēlum (Late Latin) ==== Pronunciation ==== (Classical Latin) IPA(key): [ˈmaː.ɫũː] (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): [ˈmaː.lum] ==== Noun ==== mālum n (genitive mālī); second declension apple (fruit) any tree fruit with a fleshy exterior, e.g. quinces, pears, peaches, etc. the plant Aristolochia ===== Declension ===== Second-declension noun (neuter). ===== Derived terms ===== mālum discordiae mālum pūnicum ===== Related terms ===== mālus mēlum mēlō mēlopepō ===== Descendants ===== === References === “malum”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press “malum”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers malum in Dizionario Latino, Olivetti "malum", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887) “malum”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette. Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎[1], London: Macmillan and Co. == Turkish == === Etymology === From Ottoman Turkish معلوم (ma'lum), from Arabic مَعْلُوم (maʕlūm). === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /maː.ˈlum/ Hyphenation: ma‧lum === Adjective === malum known, certain Synonym: bilinen Antonym: meçhul certain, obvious Synonyms: belli, belirli (algebra, obsolete) known === Adverb === malum as you know === Noun === malum (definite accusative malumu, plural malumlar) (grammar, obsolete) active voice ==== Derived terms ==== ==== Related terms ==== === Further reading === “malum”, in Turkish dictionaries, Türk Dil Kurumu Ayverdi, İlhan (2010), “malum”, in Misalli Büyük Türkçe Sözlük, a reviewed and expanded single-volume edition, Istanbul: Kubbealtı Neşriyatı Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–), “malum”, in Nişanyan Sözlük