love

== English == === Alternative forms === loue (obsolete) luv (Internet slang or text messaging) === Pronunciation === (Received Pronunciation, General American, Canada) IPA(key): /ˈlʌv/, [ˈlʌv] (General Australian, New Zealand) IPA(key): /ˈlɐv/, [ˈlä̝v] ~ [ˈlɐ̞v] (Northern England, Ireland, without the foot-strut split) IPA(key): /ˈlʊv/, [ˈlʊv] (India, V-W merger) IPA(key): /ˈləʋ/, [ˈlɐʊ̯], [ˈlɐʋ] Rhymes: -ʌv Hyphenation: love === Etymology 1 === From Middle English love, luve, from Old English lufu, from Proto-West Germanic *lubu, from Proto-Germanic *lubō, from Proto-Indo-European *lewbʰ- (“love, care, desire”). The close of a letter sense is presumably a truncation of With love or the like. The verb is from Middle English loven, luvien, from Old English lufian (“to love”), from Proto-West Germanic *lubōn (“to love”), derived from the noun. Eclipsed non-native English amour (“love”), borrowed from Norman amour (“love”). ==== Noun ==== love (countable and uncountable, plural loves) (uncountable) A deep caring for the existence of another. (uncountable) Strong affection. Antonyms: hate, hatred, angst, indifference A profound and caring affection towards someone. Affectionate, benevolent concern or care for other people or beings, and for their well-being. 1864, Utilitarianism Explained and Exemplified in Moral and Political Government: The love of your neighbor as yourself, is expressly given as the definition and test of Charity,—not alms-giving—and this love is [...] the highest of all the Divine commands[.] A feeling of intense attraction towards someone. A deep or abiding liking for something; an enthusiasm for something. (countable) A person who is the object of romantic feelings; a darling, a sweetheart, a beloved. Synonyms: baby, darling, honey, lover, pet, sweetheart; see also Thesaurus:sweetheart (colloquial, Commonwealth) A term of friendly address, regardless of feelings. Synonyms: mate, darling, lovey, sweetie, sweetheart A thing, activity, etc. which is the object of one's deep liking or enthusiasm. (euphemistic) Sexual desire; attachment based on sexual attraction. Synonyms: aphrodisia, carnality; see also Thesaurus:lust (euphemistic) Sexual activity. Synonyms: lovemaking, sex; see also Thesaurus:copulation An instance or episode of being in love; a love affair. Synonym: romance Used as the closing, before the signature, of a letter, especially between good friends or family members, or by the young. Alternative letter-case form of Love (“personification of love”). c. 1810, Samuel Johnson (in The Works of Samuel Johnson): At busy hearts in vain love's arrows fly; [...] (obsolete) A thin silk material. A climbing plant, Clematis vitalba. (Tyndale Bible, obsolete, also puristic) Charity. ===== Translations ===== ==== Verb ==== love (third-person singular simple present loves, present participle loving, simple past and past participle loved) (usually transitive, sometimes intransitive, stative) To have a strong affection for (someone or something). (transitive) To need, thrive on. (transitive) To be strongly inclined towards something; an emphatic form of like. (usually transitive, sometimes intransitive) To seek the good or honor of (someone), care deeply about, to be dedicated to (someone or something). (transitive, sometimes ironic) To derive delight from a fact or situation. (Internet) Synonym of heart (verb). Coordinate terms: like, unlike (transitive, euphemistic) To have sex with (perhaps from make love). ===== Conjugation ===== ===== Synonyms ===== (have a strong affection for): adore, cherish; see also Thesaurus:love (have sexual intercourse with): enjoy, go to bed with, sleep with; see also Thesaurus:copulate with ===== Antonyms ===== hate, despise, fear ===== Derived terms ===== ===== Related terms ===== ===== Descendants ===== Sranan Tongo: lobi Aukan: lobi Saramaccan: lóbi ===== Translations ===== ==== See also ==== === Etymology 2 === Now widely believed (due to historical written record) to be from the idea that when one does a thing “for love” it is for no monetary gain, the word “love” thus implying “nothing”. Use of “love” for having no score extends to the 18th century in tennis as well as certain card games. The former assumption that it had originated from French l’œuf (literally “the egg”), due to its shape, has largely been discredited and is no longer widely accepted. However, the apparent similarity of the shape of an egg to a zero has inspired similar analogies, such as the use of duck (reputed to be short for duck's egg) for a zero score at cricket, and goose egg for "zero". ==== Noun ==== love (uncountable) (racquet sports, billiards) Zero, no score. Nothing; no recompense. ===== Translations ===== === Etymology 3 === ==== Verb ==== love (third-person singular simple present loves, present participle loving, simple past and past participle loved) Alternative form of lofe (“to praise, sell”). === References === “love”, in OneLook Dictionary Search. love in Keywords for Today: A 21st Century Vocabulary, edited by The Keywords Project, Colin MacCabe, Holly Yanacek, 2018. William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin Eli Smith, editors (1895–1910), “love”, in The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia: […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC. === Anagrams === levo, levo-, velo-, vole, voël == Czech == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): [ˈlovɛ] Hyphenation: lo‧ve === Etymology 1 === Borrowed from Romani love. ==== Noun ==== love f pl (indeclinable) (slang, cant) money Synonym: prachy === Etymology 2 === See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form. ==== Noun ==== love m vocative singular of lov === Further reading === “love”, in Kartotéka Novočeského lexikálního archivu (in Czech) == Danish == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈlɔːvə/, [ˈlɔːʋə], [ˈlɔːʊ] === Etymology 1 === From Middle Low German lōve, from Proto-Germanic *galaubô, cognate with German Glaube. ==== Noun ==== love c (obsolete) trust, faith only in the phrase på tro og love (“solemnly”) ==== References ==== “love,1” in Den Danske Ordbog === Etymology 2 === From Old Danish lowæ, from Old Norse lofa, from Proto-Germanic *lubōną, cognate with Swedish lova (“to promise; to praise”), German loben (“to praise”), geloben (“to vow”), Dutch loven (“to praise”). ==== Verb ==== love (past tense lovede, past participle lovet) to promise (solemn) to praise ===== Conjugation ===== ==== References ==== “love,2” in Den Danske Ordbog “love,3” in Den Danske Ordbog === Etymology 3 === From Old Danish louæ, from Old Norse lófi, from Proto-Germanic *lōfô. ==== Noun ==== love c (singular definite loven, plural indefinite love) (obsolete, rare) palm of the hand Synonym: håndflade ===== Declension ===== ==== References ==== “love,1” in Ordbog over det danske Sprog === Etymology 4 === See See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form. ==== Noun ==== love c indefinite plural of lov == Dutch == === Pronunciation === === Verb === love (dated or formal) singular present subjunctive of loven === Anagrams === velo, voel == French == === Pronunciation === === Verb === love inflection of lover: first-person /third-person singular present indicative/subjunctive second-person singular imperative === Anagrams === vélo, vole, volé == Friulian == === Etymology === From Latin lupa, feminine of lupus. Compare Venetan lova, French louve. === Pronunciation === === Noun === love f (plural lovis) she-wolf ==== Related terms ==== lôf == Hunsrik == === Etymology === Inherited from Middle High German loben, from Old High German lobōn, from Proto-West Germanic *lobōn, from Proto-Germanic *lubōną. Cognate with German loben, Luxembourgish luewen. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈloːvə/ Rhymes: -oːvə Syllabification: lo‧ve === Verb === love (transitive) to praise [with accusative] ==== Conjugation ==== ==== Derived terms ==== === References === == Inari Sami == === Etymology === From Proto-Samic *lokē === Numeral === love ten ==== Inflection ==== This numeral needs an inflection-table template. ==== Further reading ==== love in Marja-Liisa Olthuis, Taarna Valtonen, Miina Seurujärvi and Trond Trosterud (2015–2022), Nettidigisäänih Anarâškiela-suomakielâ-anarâškielâ sänikirje‎[3], Tromsø: UiT Eino Koponen, Klaas Ruppel, Kirsti Aapala, editors (2002–2008), Álgu database: Etymological database of the Saami languages‎[4], Helsinki: Research Institute for the Languages of Finland == Middle Dutch == === Noun === lōve dative singular of lof == Middle English == === Etymology 1 === Inherited from Old English lufu, from Proto-West Germanic *lubu, from Proto-Germanic *lubō. ==== Alternative forms ==== lof, lofe, louf, luf, lufe, luff, luffe, luve leove, lofve, lufæ (Early Middle English) ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /ˈluv(ə)/, /ˈloːv(ə)/ ==== Noun ==== love (plural loves) Love; strong and deep affection: Sexual or romantic desire (in humans and other animals) Theosis, sanctification, or love as a means to attain it. One who one loves; a loved individual: A lover; a sexual or romantic partner. A personification or embodiment of love. (Christianity) The Holy Spirit (or less often, God generally). A peace treaty; the ending of hostilities. (rare) Permission, consent. ===== Related terms ===== ===== Descendants ===== English: love Scots: luve, lufe Yola: loove ==== References ==== “lǒve, n.(1).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007. === Etymology 2 === Inherited from Old English lāfe, oblique singular of lāf, from Proto-West Germanic *laibu, from Proto-Germanic *laibō; compare leven (“to halt”), which some forms are influenced by. ==== Alternative forms ==== lave, leve, loove lafe, læve, loave (Early Middle English) ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /ˈlɔːv(ə)/ (Northern) IPA(key): /laːf/, /ˈlaːv(ə)/ ==== Noun ==== love (uncountable) The remainder or rest; that which is left. (rare) A widow; a woman whose husband has died. Synonyms: relicte, widwe ===== Descendants ===== English: lave Scots: lave ==== References ==== “lōve, n.(2).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007. === Etymology 3 === Borrowed from Old Norse lófi, from Proto-Germanic *lōfô; compare glove. ==== Alternative forms ==== lof, loove, louf, luf, lufe, luff, luffe ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /ˈloːv(ə)/, /loːf/ ==== Noun ==== love (plural loves) (chiefly Northern) palm of the hand ===== Descendants ===== English: loof Scots: luif, lufe, luff ==== References ==== “lọ̄ve, n.(3).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007. === Etymology 4 === ==== Verb ==== love alternative form of loven (“to love”) === Etymology 5 === ==== Verb ==== love alternative form of loven (“to praise”) == Norwegian Bokmål == === Etymology === From Old Norse lofa. === Verb === love (imperative lov, present tense lover, simple past and past participle lova or lovet, present participle lovende) to praise === Verb === love (imperative lov, present tense lover, simple past lova or lovet or lovte or lovde, past participle lova or lovet or lovt or lovd, present participle lovende) to promise (as an adjective) det lovede land - the Promised Land ==== Related terms ==== løfte === References === “love” in The Bokmål Dictionary. == Norwegian Nynorsk == === Verb === love (present tense lovar or lover, past tense lova or lovde, past participle lova or lovt or lovd, present participle lovande, imperative lov) alternative form of lova === Noun === love m (definite singular loven, indefinite plural lovar, definite plural lovane) alternative form of lóve === Anagrams === vole == Romani == === Noun === love plural of lovo money ==== Descendants ==== → French: lové → Hungarian: lóvé → Romanian: lovea → Russian: лавэ́ (lavɛ́) → Scots: lowie → Serbo-Croatian: Cyrillic script: ло́ва Latin script: lóva → Slovak: lóve == Serbo-Croatian == === Noun === love (Cyrillic spelling лове) vocative singular of lov === Verb === love (Cyrillic spelling лове) third-person plural present of loviti == Swedish == === Noun === love c (chiefly in compounds) wrist (connecting the hand to the forearm) ==== Declension ==== ==== Derived terms ==== handlov === References === “love”, in Svensk ordbok [Dictionary of Swedish] (in Swedish) “love”, in Svenska Akademiens ordbok [Dictionary of the Swedish Academy] (in Swedish) == West Frisian == === Etymology === Borrowed from Dutch loven === Verb === love to promise to ask for a price ==== Inflection ==== === References === “love” at Frysker “love”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011