list

== English == === Pronunciation === enPR: lĭst, IPA(key): /lɪst/ Rhymes: -ɪst Homophone: Liszt === Etymology 1 === From Middle English lī̆st, lī̆ste (“band, stripe; hem, selvage; border, edge, rim; list, specification; barriers enclosing area for jousting, etc.”), from Old English līste (“hem, edge, strip”), or Old French liste, listre (“border; band; strip of paper; list”), or Medieval Latin lista, all from Proto-West Germanic *līstā, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *leys- (“to trace, track”). ==== Noun ==== list (plural lists) A strip of fabric, especially from the edge of a piece of cloth. Material used for cloth selvage. A register or roll of paper consisting of a compilation or enumeration of a set of possible items; the compilation or enumeration itself. [from 1600] (in the plural, historical) The barriers or palisades used to fence off a space for jousting or tilting tournaments. (in the plural, military, historical) The scene of a military contest; the ground or field of combat; an enclosed space that serves as a battlefield; the site of a pitched battle. (computing, programming) A codified representation of a list used to store data or in processing; especially, in the Lisp programming language, a data structure consisting of a sequence of zero or more items. (architecture) A little square moulding; a fillet or listel. (carpentry) A narrow strip of wood, especially sapwood, cut from the edge of a board or plank. (ropemaking) A piece of woollen cloth with which the yarns are grasped by a worker. (tin-plate manufacture) The first thin coating of tin; a wire-like rim of tin left on an edge of the plate after it is coated. (obsolete) A stripe. (obsolete) A boundary or limit; a border. ===== Synonyms ===== (enumeration or compilation of items): see Thesaurus:list ===== Hyponyms ===== (enumeration or compilation of items): see Thesaurus:list ===== Derived terms ===== ===== Collocations ===== ===== Descendants ===== → Irish: liosta → Japanese: リスト → Korean: 리스트 (riseuteu) → Scottish Gaelic: liosta ===== Translations ===== ==== Verb ==== list (third-person singular simple present lists, present participle listing, simple past and past participle listed) (transitive) To create or recite a list. (transitive) To place in listings. (transitive) To sew together, as strips of cloth, so as to make a show of colours, or to form a border. (transitive) To cover with list, or with strips of cloth; to put list on; to stripe as if with list. (transitive, agriculture) To plough and plant with a lister. (transitive, agriculture, chiefly Southern US) To prepare (land) for a cotton crop by making alternating beds and alleys with a hoe. (transitive, carpentry) To cut away a narrow strip, as of sapwood, from the edge of. (transitive, military) To enclose (a field, etc.) for combat. (transitive, obsolete) To engage a soldier, etc.; to enlist. (intransitive, obsolete) To engage in public service by enrolling one's name; to enlist. To give a building of architectural or historical interest listed status; see also the adjective listed. (intransitive or transitive, of a business) To trade on a particular stock exchange. ===== Synonyms ===== (create or recite a list): tabulate; see also Thesaurus:tick off ===== Derived terms ===== ===== Translations ===== === Etymology 2 === From Middle English list, liste (“ability, cleverness, cunning, skill; adroitness, dexterity; strategem, trick; device, design, token”), from Old English list (“art, craft; cleverness, cunning, experience, skill”), from Proto-West Germanic *listi, from Proto-Germanic *listiz (“art, craft”), from Proto-Indo-European *leys-, *leyǝs- (“furrow, trace, track, trail”). The word is cognate with Dutch list (“artifice, guile, sleight; ruse, strategem”), German List (“cunning, guile; ploy, ruse, trick”), Low German list (“artifice, cunning; prudence, wisdom”), Icelandic list (“art”), Saterland Frisian list (“cunning, knowledge”), Scots list (“art, craft, skill; cunning”), Swedish list (“art; cunning, guile, wile; ruse, trick; stealth”), and possibly Spanish listo (“clever”). It is also related to learn, lore. ==== Noun ==== list (uncountable) (archaic) Art; craft; cunning; skill. ===== Synonyms ===== See Thesaurus:cunning === Etymology 3 === From Middle English listen, from Old English hlystan (“to listen”), from hlyst (“hearing”), from Proto-West Germanic *hlusti, from Proto-Germanic *hlustiz (“hearing”). ==== Verb ==== list (third-person singular simple present lists, present participle listing, simple past and past participle list) (intransitive, poetic) To listen. (transitive, poetic) To listen to. ===== Derived terms ===== ===== Translations ===== === Etymology 4 === From Middle English listen, list, liste, leste, lesten (“to choose, desire, wish (to do something)”), from Old English lystan, from Proto-West Germanic *lustijan, from Proto-Germanic *lustijaną, from Proto-Germanic *lustuz (“pleasure”). The word is cognate with Saterland Frisian läste (“to wish for, desire, crave”), West Frisian lêste (“to like, desire”), Dutch lusten (“to appreciate, like; to lust”), German lüsten, gelüsten (“to desire, want, crave”), Danish lyste (“to desire, feel like, want”), Faroese lysta (“to desire”). The noun sense is from the verb, or from Middle English list, liste, lest, leste (“desire, wish; craving, longing; enjoyment, joy, pleasure”), which is derived from Middle English listen, list (verb). ==== Verb ==== list (third-person singular simple present lists, present participle listing, simple past and past participle listed) (transitive, archaic) To desire, like, or wish (to do something). (transitive, archaic) To be pleasing to. ===== Translations ===== ==== Noun ==== list (obsolete) Desire, inclination. ===== Derived terms ===== listless === Etymology 5 === Uncertain; possibly from tilting on lists in jousts, or from Etymology 4 in the sense of inclining towards what one desires. ==== Noun ==== list (plural lists) (architecture) A tilt to a building. (nautical) A careening or tilting to one side, usually not intentionally or under a vessel's own power. [from early 17th c.] ===== Translations ===== ==== Verb ==== list (third-person singular simple present lists, present participle listing, simple past and past participle listed) (transitive, nautical) To cause (something) to tilt to one side. [from early 17th c.] (intransitive, nautical) To tilt to one side. [from early 17th c.] ===== Derived terms ===== ===== Translations ===== === References === === Further reading === list (disambiguation) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia “list”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC. William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin Eli Smith, editors (1895–1910), “list”, in The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia: […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC. “list”, in OneLook Dictionary Search. === Anagrams === &lits, lits, silt, slit, tils == Chinese == === Etymology === From English list. === Pronunciation === Also pronounced as IPA(key): /lɪs⁵⁵/ === Noun === list (Hong Kong Cantonese) list; enumeration or compilation of items; the paper or document of which the list is written or printed on (Classifier: 個／个 c; 張／张 c; 條／条 c) === Verb === list (Hong Kong Cantonese) to list; to create a list of items == Czech == === Etymology === Inherited from Old Czech list, from Proto-Slavic *listъ (“leaf”). === Pronunciation === IPA(key): [ˈlɪst] === Noun === list m inan (diminutive lístek) leaf (green and flat organ of vegetative plants) (archaic) letter (written message) Synonyms: dopis, psaní sheet (sheet of paper) newspaper Polský list Dziennik Gazeta Prawna nejdříve napsal, že polská hlava státu podepíše dokument ve středu. (iDNES) certificate (document containing a certified statement) rodný list ― birth certificate úmrtní list ― death certificate ==== Declension ==== ==== Derived terms ==== ==== See also ==== doklad dokument === Further reading === “list”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957 “list”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989 “list”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech), 2008–2026 == Danish == === Etymology === From Old Danish lyst, from Old Norse list, from Proto-Germanic *listiz (“craft, art, guide”). === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈlesd/, [ˈle̝st] === Noun === list c (singular definite listen, not used in plural form) cunning, trick (archaic or poetic) art, craft ==== Declension ==== ==== Derived terms ==== krigslist kvindelist === Verb === list imperative of liste === References === “list” in Den Danske Ordbog “list” in Ordbog over det danske Sprog == Dutch == === Etymology === From Middle Dutch list, from Old Dutch list, from Proto-West Germanic *listi, from Proto-Germanic *listiz. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /lɪst/ Hyphenation: list Rhymes: -ɪst === Noun === list f (plural listen, diminutive listje n) a cunning plan, a ruse, a trick ==== Derived terms ==== ==== Descendants ==== Afrikaans: lis Negerhollands: list === Anagrams === silt, stil == Faroese == === Etymology === From Old Norse list, from Proto-Germanic *listiz. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /lɪst/ Rhymes: -ɪst Homophone: lyst === Noun === list f (genitive singular listar, plural listir) art ==== Declension ==== ==== Derived terms ==== == Icelandic == === Etymology === From Old Norse list, from Proto-Germanic *listiz. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /lɪst/ Rhymes: -ɪst Homophone: lyst === Noun === list f (genitive singular listar, nominative plural listir) art skill ==== Declension ==== ==== Derived terms ==== === Anagrams === slit == Lower Sorbian == === Etymology === Inherited from Proto-Slavic *listъ (“leaf”). === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /list/, [lʲist] === Noun === list m inan (diminutive listk) leaf, foliage letter (a written message) ==== Declension ==== == Norwegian Bokmål == === Etymology 1 === From Old Norse list. ==== Noun ==== list m or f (definite singular lista or listen) cunning, craftiness, slyness skirting board === Etymology 2 === ==== Verb ==== list imperative of liste === References === “list” in The Bokmål Dictionary. == Norwegian Nynorsk == === Etymology === From Old Norse list. === Noun === list f (definite singular lista) cunning, craftiness, slyness === References === “list” in The Nynorsk Dictionary. == Old Czech == === Etymology === Inherited from Proto-Slavic *lȋstъ. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): (13th CE) /ˈlist/ IPA(key): (15th CE) /ˈlist/ === Noun === list m inan leaf (part of a plant) sheet; page (flat, thin piece of parchment n. other material intended for writing) (biblical) phylactery (box with scrolls of Old Testament quotations, attached by Jews to the forehead n. to the forearm during prayer) letter (written or printed communication) (administration) letter; deed (administrative document authorizing something n. testifying to something) (anatomy) uvula letter (character of writing) sheet, place; slice (long piece of i.e. metal) (singular only) plates (protective clothing of the upper part of the torso) ==== Declension ==== ==== Descendants ==== Czech: list === References === Jan Gebauer (1903–1916), “list”, in Slovník staročeský (in Czech), Prague: Česká grafická společnost "unie", Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění == Old Dutch == === Etymology === From Proto-West Germanic *listi, from Proto-Germanic *listiz. === Noun === list m or f ruse, trick ==== Inflection ==== ==== Descendants ==== Middle Dutch: list Dutch: listAfrikaans: lisNegerhollands: list === References === “list”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012 == Old English == === Etymology === From Proto-West Germanic *listi. Cognate with Old Saxon list, Dutch list, Old High German list (German List), Old Norse list (Swedish list). === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /list/ Rhymes: -ist === Noun === list m or f art; cunning, guile, craft ==== Declension ==== Strong i-stem: Strong ō-stem: ==== Descendants ==== Middle English: liste Scots: list English: list == Old Polish == === Etymology === Inherited from Proto-Slavic *lȋstъ. First attested in the 14th century. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): (10th–15th CE) /lʲist/ IPA(key): (15th CE) /lʲist/ === Noun === list m inan (related adjective listowy) (attested in Lesser Poland, Greater Poland) leaf (part of a plant) (attested in Lesser Poland, Silesia) letter (written correspondance) (law, attested in Greater Poland) legal document (something that establishes or confirms something) sheet (piece of paper) ==== Derived terms ==== ==== Descendants ==== Polish: list Silesian: list === References === Boryś, Wiesław (2005), “list”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN Sławski, Franciszek (1958-1965), “list”, in Jan Safarewicz, Andrzej Siudut, editors, Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego [Etymological dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), Kraków: Towarzystwo Miłośników Języka Polskiego Mańczak, Witold (2017), “list”, in Polski słownik etymologiczny (in Polish), Kraków: Polska Akademia Umiejętności, →ISBN Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000), “list”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish) Bożena Sieradzka-Baziur, et al., editors (2011–2015), “list”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN Ewa Deptuchowa, et al., editors (2023), “list”, in Rozariusze z polskimi glosami. Internetowa baza danych [Dictionaries of Polish glosses, an Internet database] (in Polish), Kraków: Pracownia Języka Staropolskiego Instytut Języka Polskiego Polskiej Akademii Nauk == Old Slovak == === Etymology === Inherited from Proto-Slavic *lȋstъ. First attested in 1407. === Noun === list m inan leaf (part of a plant) scale; petal sheet (rectangular piece of paper intended for writing) letter (written message addressed to a person, office, institution) (administration, law) official document sheet (material on which things are fixed) thin plate or sheet (piece of i.e. metal) ==== Descendants ==== Pannonian Rusyn: лїст (ljist) Slovak: list === Further reading === Majtán, Milan et al., editors (1991–2008), “list”, in Historický slovník slovenského jazyka [Historical Dictionary of the Slovak Language] (in Slovak), volumes 1–7 (A – Ž), Bratislava: VEDA, →OCLC == Old Swedish == === Etymology === From Old Norse list, from Proto-Germanic *listiz. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /list/ === Noun === list f skill, proficiency art, craft cunning, slyness resort ==== Declension ==== ==== Descendants ==== Swedish: list == Polish == === Pronunciation === Rhymes: -ist Syllabification: list Homophone: Liszt === Etymology 1 === Inherited from Old Polish list. Noun sense 3 was displaced by liść. ==== Noun ==== list m inan (diminutive liścik or (dialectal) listek or (dialectal) listeniek, related adjective listowy) letter (written or printed communication) letter (paper on which such a communication is written) (obsolete) leaf (part of a plant) (obsolete) petal; slice; plaque; layer (long, flat piece of something) (Middle Polish) sheet (long, flat piece of paper) (obsolete) paper tracking financial interest ===== Declension ===== ===== Derived terms ===== ==== Trivia ==== According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), list is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 10 times in scientific texts, 18 times in news, 18 times in essays, 31 times in fiction, and 32 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 109 times, making it the 567th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words. === Etymology 2 === See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form. ==== Noun ==== list f genitive plural of lista === References === === Further reading === “list”, in Wielki słownik języka polskiego‎[7] (in Polish), Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN “list”, in Polish dictionaries at PWN‎[8] (in Polish) Maria Renata Mayenowa; Stanisław Rospond; Witold Taszycki; Stefan Hrabec; Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023), “list”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish] “LIST”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 20.02.2014 Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814), “list”, in Słownik języka polskiego Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861), “list”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861 J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1902), “list”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 2, Warsaw, page 749 == Romanian == === Etymology === Borrowed from Old Church Slavonic листъ (listŭ). === Noun === list n (plural listuri) (obsolete) leaf, page ==== Declension ==== === References === list in Academia Română, Micul dicționar academic, ediția a II-a, Bucharest: Univers Enciclopedic, 2010. →ISBN == Serbo-Croatian == === Etymology === From Proto-Slavic *listъ. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /lîːst/ === Noun === lȋst m inan (Cyrillic spelling ли̑ст, diminutive lìstić) leaf Synonym: lȉska (computing) leaf sheet (of paper or other material manufactured in thin sheets) a special purpose certificate (any official document attesting a fact, e.g. of birth, ownership etc.) newsletter, newspaper (obsolete) letter (written message) calf (leg part) sole, flatfish (fish species) (card games) leaves ==== Declension ==== ==== Derived terms ==== ==== See also ==== === Further reading === “list”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2026 “list”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2026 == Silesian == === Etymology === Inherited from Old Polish list. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈlist/ Rhymes: -ist Syllabification: list === Noun === list m inan (diminutive listek) letter (written or printed communication) Synonyms: brif, pismo document Synonyms: akt, dokumynt, papiōr, świadectwo, zaświadczynie ==== Declension ==== ==== Derived terms ==== === Further reading === list in silling.org == Slovak == === Etymology === Inherited from Old Slovak list, from Proto-Slavic *listъ (“leaf”). First attested in the 15th century. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ʎist/, (high register) [ˈʎist], (common) [ˈlist] Rhymes: -ist === Noun === list m inan (relational adjective listový, diminutive lístok, augmentative listisko) letter (a written message) leaf (a part of a tree) sheet (a piece of paper) ==== Declension ==== ==== Derived terms ==== === References === === Further reading === “list”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2026 == Slovene == === Etymology === Inherited from Proto-Slavic *listъ (“leaf”). === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /líːst/ === Noun === lȋst m inan piece of paper leaf sole (anatomy) calf (leg part) ==== Declension ==== ==== Related terms ==== lístje === Further reading === “list”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran “list”, in Termania, Amebis See also the general references == Swedish == === Pronunciation === === Etymology 1 === From Old Swedish list, from Old Norse list, from Proto-Germanic *listiz, from Proto-Indo-European *leys-, *leyǝs-. Cognate with Icelandic list. ==== Noun ==== list c smartness, trick, cunning ===== Declension ===== ===== Related terms ===== listig ==== See also ==== lust === Etymology 2 === From Old Swedish lista, probably from Middle Low German lîste, from Old Saxon *līsta, from Proto-West Germanic *līstā, from Proto-Germanic *līstǭ. Cognate with Danish liste, Icelandic lista. ==== Noun ==== list c a long, thin strip (of wood (or metal or the like), to conceal a joint (or for isolation or decoration), like for example a thin and long board), a border, a beading, edging (graphical user interface) a bar ===== Declension ===== ===== Derived terms ===== golvlist (“baseboard, skirting board”) kromlist statuslist ==== See also ==== lista === References === “list”, in Svensk ordbok [Dictionary of Swedish] (in Swedish) “list”, in Svenska Akademiens ordlista [Wordlist of the Swedish Academy] (in Swedish) “list”, in Svenska Akademiens ordbok [Dictionary of the Swedish Academy] (in Swedish) === Anagrams === lits, silt, slit, stil == Upper Sorbian == === Etymology === Inherited from Proto-Slavic *lȋstъ. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈlist/ Rhymes: -ist Hyphenation: lis Syllabification: list === Noun === list m inan letter (writing that addresses someone) certificate, ticket, bill, note ==== Declension ==== === Further reading === “list”, in Mudra corpus [Upper Sorbian–Czech dictionary] (in Czech), 2024–2026 “list” in Soblex