liels

== Latvian == === Etymology 1 === From Proto-Indo-European *lei- (“to decrease, to disappear; thin, slim, slender”) (maybe from the stem *el- (“hungry”)), with an extra suffix -l. The semantic development was probably: “thin, slender” > “long, tall (big in height)” > “remarkable because of size, significance”. A more recent suggestion derives liels from Proto-Indo-European *lei- (“to pour, to flow, to drip”) (again with an extra -l), with the meaning changing from “to pour” > “to even, to smooth (by pouring, casting)” > “to iron, to press” > “to make thin by pressing (e.g., a metal sheet)” > “to extend, increase (by pressing),” from which the meaning “big, large”. Cognates include Lithuanian lei̇̃las (“thin, slender; thin, watery”), lei̇̃nas (“thin, slender; thin, flexible”) (dialectal liẽlas (“big, large”) is a borrowing from Latvian), Old Prussian lailīsnan (“torture (accusative)”) (> infinitive *lailītwei, in turn from *leil- (“narrow, thin”)), Gothic 𐌻𐌴𐌹𐍄𐌹𐌻𐍃 (leitils, “small, little”) (from Proto-Germanic *lītilaz), Ancient Greek λειρός (leirós, “smooth, thin, delicate”) (compare λιμός (limós, “hunger, starvation”)). ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): [ˈlīɛ̄ls] ==== Adjective ==== liels (definite lielais, comparative lielāks, superlative vislielākais, adverb lieli) big, large (being more than the size of other similar objects, creatures, etc.) liels trauks ― big bowl liels cilvēks, dzīvnieks ― large person, animal lielas rokas ― large hands liels ezers ― big lake liela pilsēta ― large city big, large (being more than the appropriate size) kurpes ir par lielām ― the shoes are too big big, large (going a longer distance) liels atvēziens ― big swing (of sounds) intense, loud mašīnu troksnis bija tik liels, ka cilvēku sarunas tikko varēja sadzirdēt ― the machine noise was so loud that one could hardly hear conversations high, great, large (having a higher numerical value than usual or normal) liels ātrums, blīvums, spiediens ― high speed, density, pressure liels svars ― great, heavy weight liels skaits ― large number, amount liels skaitlis ― large number, cipher liela peļņa ― large profit liela nauda ― large (sum of) money liels piena izlaukums ― high milk yield liela taukvielu koncentrācija ― high fat concentration used with numerical values (in the accusative) simt paskalu liels spiediens ― a pressure of (lit. big of) 100 pascals divas tonnas liela masa ― a mass of (lit. big of) two tons vienu metru liels diametrs ― a diameter of (lit. big of) one meter Andoras republikas teritorija ir 465 kvadrātkilometrus liela ― the territory of the Republic of Andorra is 465 square kilometers (lit. 465 square kilometers big) big, grown-up, adult Liene ar Juri izauga lieli ― Liene and Juri grew big (= grew up) lielie ļaudis nav slikti, vismaz tādi kā Ilgas vecmāmiņa ― big people (= grown-ups) are not bad, at least those like Ilga's grandmother big, large (having many members;) liela ģimene ― large family (of feelings, mental states) big, intense (more intense, more intensely felt) liels uztraukums, nogurums ― big excitement, tiredness lielas bēdas ― great sorrow liela mīlestība ― great love big, major, important (having strong influence, being strongly felt, having an impact) liels trūkums ― big drawback liela nabadzība ― great poverty dzīvot lielā pārticībā ― to live in great prosperity saņemt lielu dāvanu ― to receive a big present (of events, actions) more intense, with more intense effects liels uzbrukums ― large attack liela cīņa ― big fight lieli svētki ― big holidays, big celebration (of duty, position) important, influential liels amats ― great, important position, office (of situations) great, big (offering many possibilities) lielas priekšrocības ― great advantages liela izvēle ― big choice (of people) great, very skilled; passionate; notable, excellent liels amatnieks, organizators, palīgs ― great craftsman, organizer, helper liela šuvēja ― great seamstress liels grāmatu lāsītājs ― great book reader liels makšķernieks ― great fisherman liels rakstnieks, gleznotājs, mūziķis, melis ― great writer, painter, musician, storyteller liels varonis ― great hero lieli draugi ― great friends (of people) big, important, rich liels muižnieks ― great lord, gentleman liels namīpašnieks ― great landlord (of events, art, time periods) great, major, important, significant, influential lielais karš ― the great war izvirzīt lielus mērķus ― to identify major goals lielais balets ― great ballet liels laikmets rada lielu dzeju ― a great era creates great poetry ===== Declension ===== ===== Synonyms ===== milzīgs, gigantisks prāvs ===== Antonyms ===== mazs neliels sīks ===== Derived terms ===== lielains, lielainums lielīgs, lielība lielisks, lieliskums lielums === Etymology 2 === From Proto-Indo-European *lei- (“to bend”), from the stem *el- (“to bend”), whence also elkonis (“elbow”); compare also laiva (“boat”), leja (“valley”). The original meaning was probably “bending, curvature.” A similar semantic development can be seen in Sanskrit आणिः (āṇiḥ, “leg above knee”) (< *arṇí- < *elni-), Armenian ոլոք (olokʻ, “shinbone”) (< *elok- / *olok-). Another suggestion has liels (“shin, calf (of leg)”) be the nominalized form of the adjective liels (“great, large, big”) with intonational change. ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): [ˈliɛ̂ls] ==== Noun ==== liels m (1st declension) (anatomy) shin (part of the leg from the knee to the ankle; syn. apakšstilbs, stilbs) tikai nupat viņš sajuta sūrstošas sāpes kreisās kājas lielā ― only then did he feel a sharp pain in his left leg's shin an annual hard widening or growth on a tree (especially conifer) trunk on one side (e.g., on spruces) ===== Declension ===== ===== Synonyms ===== (annual hard widening or growth on a tree): lielainums apakšstilbs, stilbs lielainums === References ===