liegen

== Dutch == === Etymology === From Middle Dutch liegen, from Old Dutch liegan, from Proto-West Germanic *leugan, from Proto-Germanic *leuganą, from Proto-Indo-European *lewgʰ-. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈli.ɣə(n)/ Hyphenation: lie‧gen Rhymes: -iɣən === Verb === liegen (intransitive) to lie (to tell lies) ==== Conjugation ==== ==== Derived terms ==== ==== Related terms ==== leugen leugenaar ==== Descendants ==== Afrikaans: lieg Berbice Creole Dutch: liki Jersey Dutch: lîxe Negerhollands: lug, lik, lieg Skepi Creole Dutch: lig == German == === Alternative forms === licken (dialectal) === Etymology === From Middle High German ligen, from Old High German ligen, from older liggen by generalisation of the stem of the 2nd and 3rd persons singular, from Proto-West Germanic *liggjan, from Proto-Germanic *ligjaną, from Proto-Indo-European *legʰ-. Compare Low German liggen, Dutch liggen, English lie, Danish ligge, Gothic 𐌻𐌹𐌲𐌰𐌽 (ligan). === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈliːɡən/, [ˈliːɡən], [ˈliːɡŋ̍] Hyphenation: lie‧gen Rhymes: -iːɡn̩ === Verb === liegen (class 5 strong, third-person singular present liegt, past tense lag, past participle gelegen, past subjunctive läge, auxiliary haben or sein) (intransitive) to lie (to be in a horizontal position) (Switzerland) to lie down (intransitive) to be, to lie somewhere (of flat objects, also of inpatients in a hospital; otherwise use sitzen or stehen) (intransitive) to be located, to lie somewhere (of countries, towns, houses, etc.) (intransitive) to be, to stand (of indices, measurements) (intransitive) because of, due to, down to (within the responsibility or influence of; literally, to lie on someone or something) [with an (+ dative)] Woran liegt es, dass er immer wieder scheitert? ― Why does he fail time and time again? Das liegt an seiner Einstellung. ― That's because of his attitude. ==== Usage notes ==== The most common auxiliary with liegen is haben: Ich habe gelegen. In northern and central Germany, this form is strongly predominant and in some regions exclusive. In southern Germany, Austria, and Switzerland, sein is usual in the vernacular and also, alternatively, in standard usage: Ich bin gelegen. ==== Conjugation ==== ==== Derived terms ==== === Further reading === “liegen”, in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache‎[2] (in German) “liegen” in Uni Leipzig: Wortschatz-Lexikon “liegen” in Duden online “liegen” in OpenThesaurus.de == Middle Dutch == === Etymology === From Old Dutch liegan, from Proto-West Germanic *leugan, from Proto-Germanic *leuganą, from Proto-Indo-European *lewgʰ-. === Verb === liegen (intransitive) to lie (to tell lies) ==== Inflection ==== ==== Descendants ==== Dutch: liegenAfrikaans: liegBerbice Creole Dutch: likiJersey Dutch: lîxeNegerhollands: lug, lik, liegSkepi Creole Dutch: lig Limburgish: lege === Further reading === “lieghen (II)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000 Verwijs, E.; Verdam, J. (1885–1929), “liegen”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN == Middle High German == === Etymology === Inherited from Old High German liogan, from Proto-West Germanic *leugan. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): (before 13th CE) /ˈliə̯ɡən/ === Verb === liegen (class 2 strong, third-person singular present liuget, past tense louc, past participle gelogen, past subjunctive lüge, auxiliary hān) to lie, to say something untrue [with dative ‘to someone’] [with genitive ‘about something’] ==== Conjugation ==== ==== Descendants ==== German: lügen === References === Benecke, Georg Friedrich; Müller, Wilhelm; Zarncke, Friedrich (1863), “liegen”, in Mittelhochdeutsches Wörterbuch: mit Benutzung des Nachlasses von Benecke, Stuttgart: S. Hirzel