kuka

== Antigua and Barbuda Creole English == === Alternative forms === cooka === Etymology === (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.) === Noun === kuka buttocks cooker === Verb === kuka defecate === References === Jerene Joseph, Antigua and Barbuda Dictionary (2019) == Finnish == === Etymology === From Proto-Finnic *ku (compare Estonian kus, Livonian ku), from Proto-Uralic *ku- ~ *ko- (compare Erzya кона (kona, “which”), кода (koda, “how”), Hungarian hol (“where”), Forest Enets [script needed] (hōke, “which one”), Nganasan [script needed] (kuninu, “where”), Kamassian [script needed] (kāmǝ̑n, “if”)). The nominative and genitive singular forms, which would have otherwise been monosyllabic, have been extended with -ka (as with joka and mikä). Inflected forms in modern Finnish are suppletive, deriving from a merger with ken (see the inflection section). === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈkukɑ/, [ˈkukɑ̝] Rhymes: -ukɑ Syllabification(key): ku‧ka Hyphenation(key): ku‧ka === Pronoun === kuka (interrogative) who (relative) who (as an 'independent' relative pronoun; see the usage notes) (relative, dialectal) who Synonyms: joka, mikä ==== Usage notes ==== The singular forms are sometimes used colloquially instead of the actual plural forms. ketä is particularly common for keitä. In some dialects, ketä is used as the nominative singular form in place of kuka. kuka is only used as an 'independent' relative pronoun in standard Finnish. It is used for persons, while mikä is used otherwise. See the usage notes of mikä for more on this usage (#4). Outside of this usage (e.g. when attached to a demonstrative pronoun like se), kuka is used as a relative pronoun only in dialects, and joka or mikä is used instead. kuka may behave as an indefinite pronoun with an additional word like ikinä, hyvänsä, tahansa (after kuka), or vaikka (before kuka). Some relative uses may also be indefinite: ==== Inflection ==== In modern Finnish, forms based on the stem form ke- or kene- are the usual inflected forms of the interrogative personal pronoun. Inflected forms based on the stem ku- are now archaic and somewhat poetic, even though the nominative singular kuka is modern. Conversely, the alternative nominative form ken is now archaic or poetic. Thus, kuta sinä rakastat?, while standard, would to a modern speaker appear roughly as archaic as "Whom dost thou love?" The illative, adessive, ablative and allative singular cases have alternative forms of equal value; both forms are commonly used. Thus, keneen ~ kehen, kenellä ~ kellä, kenelle ~ kelle and keneltä ~ keltä exist in free variation. Some speakers may consider the former forms to be somewhat more formal, but no such prescription exists. As with personal pronouns, a special accusative form exists: kenet (compare minut, sinut, etc.). Some cases of kuka/ken are hardly used at all. The inflection table below shows the archaic or otherwise rarely used forms in brackets. The instructive plural kuin(ka)*, the instructive singular kun* and the causative singular kuten* (with the dated, archaic form kutenka*) are used as adverbs with completely different meanings from “who”. In the inflection table below, poetic and/or archaic forms are shown in brackets and modern usage without brackets. ==== Synonyms ==== ken (see the inflection section above) ==== Derived terms ==== ==== Related terms ==== === See also === kukapa tietää? === Further reading === “kuka”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎[1] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2 July 2023 === Anagrams === akku == Hawaiian == === Etymology === From English coat. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈku.ka/, [ˈku.kə] === Noun === kuka coat == Hungarian == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): [ˈkukɒ] Hyphenation: ku‧ka Rhymes: -kɒ === Etymology 1 === Uncertain; perhaps an Italian loan word, compare Northern Italian cuco (“goofy”). ==== Adjective ==== kuka dumb (as a fish), tongue-tied (not saying a word) ===== Derived terms ===== === Etymology 2 === Via Czech, from German KUKA, short for Keller und Knappich Augsburg, a German firm which manufactured and supplied orange refuse collection vehicles. Today the company KUKA produces industrial robots and automation technologies. ==== Noun ==== kuka (plural kukák) garbage can, trash can, refuse bin (especially an outdoor container) Coordinate terms: szemetes, szemetesvödör, szemétkosár, szemetesláda, szemétláda ===== Declension ===== === Further reading === (dumb): kuka in Géza Bárczi, László Országh, et al., editors, A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára [The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (ÉrtSz.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN. (garbage can): kuka in Géza Bárczi, László Országh, et al., editors, A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára [The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (ÉrtSz.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN. (wooden hook used for drying tobacco): kuka in Géza Bárczi, László Országh, et al., editors, A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára [The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (ÉrtSz.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN. == Ingrian == === Etymology === From Proto-Finnic *kuka, from Proto-Uralic *ku-. Cognates with Finnish kuka (“who”). The inflected forms derive from Proto-Finnic *ku. === Pronunciation === (Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /ˈkukɑ/, [ˈkukɑˑ] (Soikkola) IPA(key): /ˈkukɑ/, [ˈkuɡ̊ɑˑ] Rhymes: -ukɑ Hyphenation: ku‧ka === Pronoun === kuka which? (of many) ==== Declension ==== ==== Derived terms ==== === References === Ruben E. Nirvi (1971), Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 212 == Mwani == === Etymology === From Proto-Bantu *-gɪ̀a. === Verb === kuka to go == Pitjantjatjara == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): [ˈkʊkɐ] === Noun === kuka edible animal meat ==== Derived terms ==== kukaku ananyi (“to hunt”) kukaputju (“hunter”) kukanypa (“marked man, target”) == Polish == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈku.ka/ Rhymes: -uka Syllabification: ku‧ka === Verb === kuka third-person singular present of kukać == Quechua == === Etymology === Perhaps from Aymara. === Noun === kuka coca ==== Declension ==== ==== Derived terms ==== kuka allpa (“cocaine”) ==== Descendants ==== → Spanish: coca→ English: coca→ Chinese: 古柯 (gǔkē) == Serbo-Croatian == === Etymology 1 === Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kuka (“hook, hook-shaped”). First attested in the 17th century. ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /kûka/ Hyphenation: ku‧ka ==== Noun ==== kȕka f (Cyrillic spelling ку̏ка) hook ===== Declension ===== ==== Further reading ==== “kuka”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2026 === Etymology 2 === (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.) ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /kûka/ Hyphenation: ku‧ka ==== Noun ==== kȕka f (Cyrillic spelling ку̏ка) Mediterranean slipper lobster (Scyllarides latus) ===== Declension ===== ==== Further reading ==== “kuka”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2026 === Etymology 3 === See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form. ==== Noun ==== kuka (Cyrillic spelling кука) genitive singular of kuk == Spanish == === Etymology === Clipping of cucaracha (“cockroach”), with the c's changed to k's in order to resemble kirchnerista. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈkuka/ [ˈku.ka] Rhymes: -uka Syllabification: ku‧ka === Noun === kuka m or f by sense (plural kukas) (Argentina, politics, slang, derogatory) kirchnerista == Swedish == === Verb === kuka (present kukar, preterite kukade, supine kukat, imperative kuka) only used in kuka ur == Tok Pisin == === Noun === kuka crab == Tokelauan == === Etymology === Borrowed from English cook. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): [ˈku.ka] Hyphenation: ku‧ka === Noun === kuka cook, chef cooked food === Verb === kuka (transitive) to cook ==== Derived terms ==== === References === R. Simona, editor (1986), Tokelau Dictionary‎[2], Auckland: Office of Tokelau Affairs, page 168 == Yosondúa Mixtec == === Etymology === (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.) === Noun === kuka comb ==== Derived terms ==== === References === Beaty de Farris, Kathryn; et al. (2012), Diccionario básico del mixteco de Yosondúa, Oaxaca (Serie de vocabularios y diccionarios indígenas “Mariano Silva y Aceves”; 46)‎[3] (in Spanish), third edition, Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, A.C., page 40